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HIV pseudovirion or virus-like particle vaccines represent a promising approach for eliciting humoral and cellular immune responses. Pseudovirions present the envelope glycoprotein complex in its authentic trimeric form, and thus have the potential to generate neutralizing antibodies against relevant virion-associated epitopes that may be lacking in protein subunit vaccines. The development of pseudovirion...
In the U.S., despite available swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccines, multiple influenza subtypes as well as antigenic and genetic variants within subtypes continue to circulate in the swine population. One of the challenges to control and eliminate SIV is that the currently used inactivated influenza virus vaccines do not provide adequate cross-protection against multiple antigenic variants of SIV...
Interleukin (IL)-13 is critical in asthma pathogenesis. Previously, we have developed an IL-13 peptide-based vaccine and confirmed that subcutaneous immunization with the vaccine suppressed airway allergic inflammatory responses in a mouse asthma model. In the present study, we sought to test if mucosal immunization with the vaccine could be a potential approach, by inducing specific autoantibodies...
The long-term protective effect of hepatitis B virus (HB) vaccination against HB infection and the necessity for routine booster vaccination in young-adult age subsequent to full HB immunization at birth remain issues of some debate currently. This study is aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of HB infection and the response to HB booster vaccination amongst young-adult university students who...
In this study, we compare four different adjuvants, LT(R192G), CpG ODN, MPL ® TDM, and alum, for their ability to affect the magnitude, distribution, and duration of antibody responses against F1-V, the lead-candidate antigen for the next generation vaccine against plague, in a murine model. In addition, three different routes of immunization—intranasal (IN), transcutaneous (TC), and subcutaneous...
In this study, we evaluated a live attenuated influenza vaccine (X-31 ca, H3N2) as a fast-acting prophylaxis against both heterologous (A/New Caledonia/99, H1N1) and heterotypic (B/Shangdong/97, influenza B) infection. An immediate and broad-spectrum protection was achieved in the absence of specific antibody responses. Vaccination immediately prior to challenge resulted in the generation of a significant...
T-cell epitope variability is associated with viral immune escape and may influence the outcome of vaccination against the highly variable Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). We computationally analyzed the ChimeriVax-JEV vaccine envelope sequence for T helper epitopes that are conserved in 12 circulating JEV strains and discovered 75% conservation among putative epitopes. Among non-identical epitopes,...
Official vaccine sales statistics, the development of the young dog population and the takes of available vaccines were used to calculate the vaccine coverage and herd immunity (HI) against canine distemper, endemic during 1990–1993 and epidemic in 1994–1995 in Finland. Despite the satisfactory vaccine coverage, HI was no more than 50–65% in 1990–1993 because low-take vaccines dominated the market...
Due to antigenic differences between BVDV1 and BVDV2 strains, both pestivirus species are included in U.S. vaccines. The efficacy of these vaccines in preventing acute infections is evaluated based on reduction of clinical disease. While high virulence BVDV2 strains are used in U.S. vaccine efficacy studies, the BVDV1 strain used (NY-1) produces very little in the way of clinical disease. In order...
Vaccinating children at day-care may be a cost-effective approach for improving influenza immunization rates in this high-risk group. This study uses influenza attack-rate data from a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of live-attenuated influenza vaccine, trivalent in day-care centres from two consecutive influenza seasons, one with a moderate attack rate (H1N1 dominant) and one...
Oral, replication-competent Ad-HIV vaccines are advancing to human trials. Previous evaluation of protective efficacy in non-human primates has primarily followed upper respiratory tract administrations. Here we compared sequential oral (O/O) versus intranasal/oral (I/O) priming of rhesus macaques with Ad5 host range mutant-SIV recombinants expressing SIV env/rev, gag, and nef genes followed by boosting...
Human papillomavirus type 16 L1 (HPV16 L1) has shown considerable promise as a parenteral vaccine for prevention of cervical cancers. Here, we report the possibility of oral vaccination for HPV16 L1 using Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) as a live vector. L. lactis MG1363 was transformed with two types of HPV16 L1-encoding plasmids for intracellular expression or secretion. L. lactis transformed with...
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