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To enhance inherent general resistance to infectious diseases an indirect strategy of selective breeding for multiple immune response traits representing both antibody and cell-mediated immune response has been pursued over several generations in pigs. High and low response lines differ significantly not only in response to antigens included in the estimated breeding values upon which the selection...
The efficacy of the influenza vaccine is often underestimated, due to the dilution of the outcome by noninfluenzal illnesses. We thus explored the methodology to evaluate the effect of the inactivated influenza vaccine under the following strict conditions: an assessment of the effectiveness on clinical illness among healthy adults in a small-scale mixed epidemic during the 1991-1992 season. The...
A new method for predicting susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes, or distinguishing between type-1 and type-2 diabetes, involves detecting the presence of antibodies in serum which bind to insulinoma-associated antigen-2-beta (IA-2-beta) and/or GAD65, by RIA, ELISA, depletion ELISA or immunoprecipitation. The method preferably uses recombinant IA-2-beta, produced in a baculo virus expression...
The OMP P5-homologous fimbriae of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are an adhesin and a virulence factor for otitis media in chinchilla models. We synthesized two peptides (LB1 and LB2) which incorporate determinants of the fimbrial subunit co-linearly synthesized with a promiscuous T-cell epitope from the fusion protein of measles virus. Sera obtained from immunized rabbits and chinchillas...
The outer surface protein A (OspA) lipoprotein of Borrelia burgdorferi, like cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines. This suggested that, like those toxins, OspA might be a mucosal immunogen and adjuvant. OspA, administered intranasally (i.n.) or intragastrically, induced strong serum IgG and salivary gland IgA responses. The serum...
Jet injectors may transmit blood-borne infections, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To evaluate the safety of an anticontaminant disposable device which protects the jet injector apparatus, 22714 healthy subjects were intradermally inoculated (38162 inoculations) with a variety of vaccines. All the subjects were systematically followed-up clinically and epidemiologically...
The influence of various adjuvants on the development of influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and distribution of anti-influenza virus IgG isotypes after immunization of mice with influenza A (H3N2) subunit vaccine was investigated. Serum titres of influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and titres of influenza specific IgG isotypes were determined by a neutralization enzyme immunoassay (N-EIA)...
An isolated mutant Japanese-encephalitis virus (JEV), preferably IC47 (ATCC VR2412), is claimed, which is differentiated from the corresponding wild-type JEV by replacement of an acidic amino acid (aspartic acid or especially glutamic acid) with a basic amino acid (arginine or especially lysine) at position-138 in its envelope protein. Also claimed are: (a) an isolated DNA molecule coding for the...
A new method for generating an immune response to prostate-specific antigen (I) involves: introducing a sufficient amount of a first pox virus (suipox virus, avipox virus, capri-pox virus, pigeon-pox virus, canary-pox virus, fowl-pox virus, swine-pox virus, or orthopox virus, especially vaccinia virus) vector to a host to stimulate an immune response, where the pox virus vector has at least one insertion...
Fifty injecting drug users (IDUs) were recruited to evaluate the efficacy of an hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination campaign to be carried out in a Public centre for Drug Users (PCDU). The vaccination schedule was successfully performed in most patients, who showed a great interest in this problem. After three doses of vaccine the seroconversion rate, with antibodies against HBV, proved similar...
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a severe disease of infants characterised by repeated bouts of paroxysmal coughing. Pertussis toxin (PT) is a major virulence factor of B. pertussis and is a typical A/B bacterial toxin consisting of five subunits S1-S5 in a ratio of 1:1:1:2:1. The PT subunit genes are organized into an operon which is not expressed in Escherichia coli,...
A study on the possibility of transmission of live hepatitis A vaccine (H2-strain) from vaccinees to nonvaccinees was conducted. As a result, no seroconversion was found among 87 seronegative nonvaccinees, who had a close contact with their 141 subcutaneously vaccinated classmates nor was it found among 101 seronegative children administered the vaccine orally. The above findings suggest that by...
We described here the characterization of Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens recognized by human monoclonal antibodies B10 (HmAb-B10) and D5 (HmAb-D5). SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis revealed that these monoclonals recognized two antigens of M W 44.7/56.8 kDa, with pI of 7.0 and 7.8, respectively. The passive transfer of B10 and D5 induced a significant protection of 48% and 54% in Balb/c mice...
A new secreted prostate protein has the N-terminal sequence KYVQLAENXXTDNG, or a variant, and shows immunoreactivity with serum and/or T-lymphocytes from an individual with prostate cancer. Antibodies against the N-terminal fragment are capable of detecting at least 30% of primary or metastatic human prostate tumors. DNA encoding the protein may be inserted in a vector for recombinant protein expression...
The outer membrane lipoprotein, P6 of Haemophilus influenzae was studied to determine the importance of the native palmitoyl moiety on its physicochemical and immunological properties. A recombinant P6 (rP6) molecule devoid of lipidation signal sequence was expressed in Escherichia coli and its properties were compared to those of the palmitylated protein purified from H. influenzae. The isoelectric...
An 87.7% (P<0.01) and 84% (P<0.001) of protection against visceral leishmaniasis was achieved in CB hamsters and Balb/c mice, respectively, with saponin combined to the fucose-mannose ligand of Leishmania donovani (FML). However, an undesirable haemolytic effect was described for several saponins. Aiming to improve the formulation with FML/saponin, we comparatively analysed the haemolytic...
The antigenic variation associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope proteins could limit their utility in vaccines if the immune responses induced are specific for immunodominant variable epitopes. We evaluated the ability of experimental subunit vaccines, containing recombinant forms of the envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) from two HIV-1 variants, to induce immune responses...
Immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) are 40 nm particles combining adjuvant-activeQuillaja saponins and multimeric presentation of antigens. The distribution in mice of influenza virus iscoms and the resulting T cell responses in the lymph nodes (LN) and spleen were characterized. After a single subcutaneous injection, iscoms were dlivered to the draining LN where they induced a transient population...
This pilot study was undertaken to examine whether killed influenza vaccine causes exacerbations in asthmatic adults. Thirty-three stable asthmatics recorded peak expiratory flow (PEF), asthma symptoms, and use of asthma medication for 2 weeks, and then received killed influenza vaccine. Thereafter they recorded PEF, asthma symptoms and use of medication for a further 2 weeks. Comparison of recordings...
An antigen presenting vesicle (I) (an exosome) free from its natural surroundings is new and is obtained from antigen presenting cells. (I) contains at least a biologically active part of a major histocompatibility complex class-I or -II or a derivative of it in addition to at least partly processed antigens. (I) is derived from a B-lymphocyte, a macrophage or a dendritic cell. (I) is prepared...
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