Background: While increased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins are a feature of diabetic nephropathy associated with nephrotic range proteinuria, the relationship of plasma lipoproteins to increasing urine albumin concentration within the microalbuminuria range is less well-studied.Methods: We, therefore, examined the relationship between urine albumin excretion in the 0 to 100 mg/L range and plasma lipoproteins in 56 Oji-Cree with type 2 diabetes.Results: We found a significant direct relationship between the urinary albumin concentration within this low range and the plasma concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (p = 0.015, 0.0032, and 0.0019, respectively).Conclusions: These results suggest that the well-known relationship between gross proteinuria and hyperlipidemia may extend into the microalbuminuric range in subjects with type 2 diabetes.