Amyloid β (Aβ) is considered to be an important mediator of the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its direct binding to p75NTR, not TrkA, induces apoptosis, which is thought to be the most relevant feature of p75NTR regarding AD. In the present study we explored the regulation of p75NTR on Aβ production and accumulation during AD pathology.We generated Tg2576/p75NTR+/− mice by crossing the transgenic AD mice (Tg2576) with p75NTR−/− mice to lower the p75NTR level. Under these conditions, we evaluated cognitive function using the Morris water maze, pathology and process by which two types of Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) are produced, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting.The results showed that cognitive deficits were rescued in Tg2576/p75NTR+/− mice compared with those in Tg2576 mice. This cognitive functional recovery may be a consequence of a reduction in Aβ accumulation through the inhibition of β- and γ-secretase activities, without altering α-secretase activity.Here, we investigated the mechanism by which p75NTR regulates Aβ production and accumulation. Better understanding the relationship between p75NTR and Aβ producing may help taking insight into the AD pathology.