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The G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ) binds the endogenous peptide apelin and has been shown to have roles in many physiological systems. Thus far, distribution studies have predominantly been conducted in the rat and there is limited knowledge of the cellular distribution of APJ in mouse or human tissues. As recent functional studies have been conducted in APJ knock-out mice (APJ KO), in this...
Fishes are rich sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the existence of peptides with biological activities and proteins derived from foods that might have beneficial effects for humans. Antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides isolated from fish sources may be used as functional ingredients in food formulations to promote consumer health...
We have shown that gastrin-releasing peptide-29 (GRP-29), the large molecular form of GRP in rats, reduces meal size (MS, intake of 10% sucrose solution) and prolongs the intermeal interval (IMI). In these studies, we first investigated possible pathways for these responses in rats undergoing total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VGX, removal of vagal afferent and efferent innervation of the gut), celiaco-mesenteric...
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in a variety of physiological functions including regulation of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis activity during stressful periods. Urocortins (Ucns) are known to be members of the CRF family peptides. CRF has a high affinity for CRF receptor type 1 (CRF 1 receptor). Both Ucn2 and Ucn3 have very high affinity for CRF receptor type 2 (CRF ...
Apelin, the novel identified peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the APJ. Previous studies have reported the effect of apelin on food intake, however the action of acute central injected apelin on food intake in mice remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism as well as the effect of central apelin-13 on food intake in mice. During the dark period, the cumulative...
Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions led to the identification of host-defense peptides belonging to the magainin, peptide glycine-leucine-amide (PGLa), and caerulein precursor fragment (CPF) families from the tetraploid frogs, Xenopus petersii (Peters’ clawed frog) and Xenopus pygmaeus (Bouchia clawed frog), and the octoploid frog Xenopus lenduensis (Lendu Plateau clawed...
We designed and prepared peptidotriazoles based on the antimicrobial peptide BP100 (LysLysLeuPheLysLysIleLeuLysTyrLeu-NH 2 ) by introducing a triazole ring in the peptide backbone or onto the side chain of a selected residue. These compounds were screened for their in vitro growth inhibition of bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, and for their cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells and tobacco...
Cardiac epinephrine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are produced by intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells (ICA cells) residing in human and animal hearts. ICA cells are neuroparicine cells expressing δ-opioid receptors (DOR). We hypothesized that δ-opioid stimulation of ICA cells enhances epinephrine and CGRP release, which results in the augmentation of heart contraction. Rats were injected...
Ghrelin consists of 28 amino acid residues with an octanoyl modification at the third serine residue. Recently we have found that the C-terminal part of ghrelin protects the ester bond of 3-octanoyled serine from plasma esterases and plays the essential role to prolong the plasma half-life and to show its biological activity in vivo. In the present study, we researched whether the C-terminal part...
We investigated the role of endogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) system in nicotine-mediated improvement of learning and memory in rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracerebroventricular (icv) colchicine treatment induced AD-like condition in rats and showed increased escape latency (decreased learning), and amnesic condition in probe test in Morris water maze. In these rats, nicotine (0.5mg/kg,...
TvD1 is a small, cationic, and highly stable defensin from the weedy legume, Tephrosia villosa with demonstrated in vitro antifungal activity. We show here peptide modifications in TvD1 that lead to enhanced antifungal activities. Three peptide variants, S32R, D37R, and Alpha-TvD1 (-G-M-T-R-T-) with variations in and around the β2–β3 loop region that imposes the two β-strands, β2 and β3 were generated...
High plasma copeptin levels have been found to be associated with short-term poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We furthermore evaluate the relation of plasma copeptin levels to long-term outcome and early neurological deterioration after ICH. Fifty healthy controls and 89 patients with acute spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage were recruited in this study. Plasma copeptin concentrations...
Different iodinated mouse obestatin peptides have been characterized toward their in vitro stability in the main metabolic compartments plasma, liver and kidney. Using HPLC–UV for quantification, significant differences in the degradation kinetics of the iodinated peptides, arising from both enzymatic proteolysis and dehalogenation, were found when compared to the native, unmodified peptide. HPLC–MS/MS...
We recently reported that neuronostatin, a novel neuropeptide, biphasically increased mean arterial pressure, first through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system followed by the release of vasopressin. In those experiments, we found that centrally administered neuronostatin increased plasma vasopressin levels only 2–3 times greater than levels observed in saline-treated controls, and that...
Intermedin (IMD) 1–53 is a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide superfamily and has potent cardioprotective effects against myocardial injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). To explore the mechanism of the IMD 1–53 cardioprotective effect, we studied the anti-oxidant effects of IMD 1–53 on myocardial injury induced by I/R in vivo in rat and H 2 ...
Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the synthetic agonist of the glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor exenatide reduces food intake. Here, we evaluated possible peripheral pathways for this reduction. Exenatide (0.5μg/kg, i.p.) was given to three, overnight food-deprived, groups of rats: total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VGX, severs the vagus nerve), celiaco-mesenteric ganglionectomy (CMGX,...
Somatostatin (SRIF), as a neuroactive peptide in the CNS, may act as a neuromodulator through activation of five specific receptor subtypes (sst 1 –sst 5 ). In this work we conducted a comparative study of the expression of sst 5 in mouse and bullfrog retinas by immunofluorescence double labeling. Basically, the expression profiles of sst 5 in the retinas of the two...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) secreted by amphibian skin represent an important innate immune defense strategy. There are more than 340 species in the family of Ranidae worldwidely, and from which nearly 100 families of AMPs comprising between 8 and 48 amino acid (aa) residues have been characterized. In current work, two novel AMPs were purified from the skin secretion of Hainan cascade-frog, Amolops...
The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is the acknowledged central immune organ, which is important to the B cell differentiation and antibody production. However, due to difficult purification, the immunomodulatory peptides from BF were little reported. In this study, the extract samples of BF were taken to a chromatographic analysis by RP-HPLC. Five novel low molecular weight peptides were isolated from BF,...
Müller cells support the integrity of the blood–retinal barrier, whereas their dysfunction under pathological conditions may contribute to retinal edema formation. The apelin peptide, as the endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, participates in numbers of physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies highlight its emerging role against ischemic injury. Our study aimed to...
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