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Amylin injected IP reduced food intake for 2-4 h in subdiaphragmatically vagotomized and in sham-vagotomized rats. The magnitude of the anorectic effect of 0.5 μg/kg amylin was similar to that of 2.5 μg/kg amylin but the duration of the effect was somewhat shorter with the low dose. Amylin (1 μg/kg, IP) had no influence on gastric emptying. In conclusion, the hypophagic effect of peripherally administered...
The degradation of enterostatin (VPDPR), a potent inhibitor of food intake, by intestinal brush-border membranes, brain membranes, and rat serum has been investigated in the presence of specific inhibitors. Hydrolysis by intestinal membranes was found to be 10 and 100 times faster than in serum and brain membranes, respectively. Enterostatin hydrolysis by intestinal and brain membranes involves...
Using a one-bottle taste aversion conditioning paradigm, sulfated cholecystokinin(26-33) (CCK-8) has again been shown to induce taste aversion conditioning in rats. Even though the effective doses of CCK-8 are relatively high, they do not induce as strong an aversion as has been demonstrated with LiCl. This pharmacodynamic profile of CCK-8 (i.e., relatively moderate, but not strong, taste aversion...
The metabolism of several tachykinin antagonists by membrane peptidases has been examined. [βAla 8 ]NKA (4-10) was not stabilized against degradation by endopeptidase-24.11 and this was the major activity in renal brush border membranes hydrolyzing this peptide. The antagonist MEN 10263 was much more resistant to hydrolysis by endopeptidase-24.11, although hydrolysis of the C-terminal Leu-Phe...
The present study investigated the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on food intake and body temperature (T bo ) in free-feeding unrestrained rats following injection into the medial hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or the lateral perifornical hypothalamus (PFH). NPY (78-235 pmol) or saline was infused unilaterally into the PVN or PFH in a volume of 0.4 μl and simultaneous measures...
The AR42J acinar cell line was characterized as a potential cellular model to assess the functional aspects of an exocrine pancreatic angiotensin system. Binding studies revealed that the AR42J cells express high affinity angiotensin II binding sites (K d = 0.73 ± 0.06 nM; B max = 292 ± 15 fmol/mg protein, n = 3). Competition studies established that these cells, similar...
The distribution of neurokinin receptors in rat kidney, renal artery, renal vein, and proximal ureter was evaluated by autoradiography after in vitro labeling of NK 1 sites with [ 125 I]Bolton-Hunter substance P (BHSP) or NK 3 sites with [ 125 I][MePhe 7 ]neurokinin B ([MePhe 7] NKB). Film autoradiography using [ 12...
Presence of the κ receptor-preferring neuropeptide dynorphin A(1-8) in human placenta has been demonstrated by mass spectrometry to establish rigorously the appropriate molecular weight and amino acid sequence. Liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry produced the protonated molecule ion, (M + H) + , at mlz 981 of the endogenous peptide, and tandem mass spectrometry collected the product...
We examined the chronic (72 h) effects of 30 ng/ml recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on release of immunoreactive growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyrotropin (TSH), and TSH glycosylation, as assessed by lectin binding, in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. In cultured cells from adult female rats, TNF-α significantly suppressed basal and GH-releasing hormone (GRH)-stimulated...
The neurophysiological responses to 0.1 ml duodenal balloon inflation, 0.5 ml duodenal loads of normal saline, and 100 pmol close celiac arterial infusions of cholecystokinin (CCK) were obtained from 14 left cervical vagal afferent fibers in 14 rats. Duodenal, but not gastric, loads increased discharge rates in these slowly adapting fibers. CCK alone excited these fibers, and CCK pretreatment amplified...
A possible mechanism of zinc action inhibiting the PTH-induced osteoclast-like cell formation in mouse marrow culture system in vitro was investigated. Bone marrow cells were cultured for 7 days in α-minimal essential medium containing a well-known bone-resorbing agent parathyroid hormone(1-34) (PTH). Osteoclast-like cell formation was estimated with staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase...
β-Endorphin is an opioid peptide synthesized in the pituitary, hypothalamus, and immunocytes, known to affect immune responses both when added in vitro and when its synthesis is increased in vivo (e.g., during stress). We show here that, similar to its concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the release of the opioid peptide from these cells after stimulation with polyclonal mitogens...
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator peptide present in capsaicin-sensitive neurons innervating the respiratory tract. In this study, the autoradiographic distribution of [ 125 I]CGRP binding sites was investigated in guinea pig airways. Extremely dense specific binding occurred over parenchymal tissue, with moderate specific binding over tracheal glands,...
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a major brain neurotransmitter, is expressed in neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that project mainly to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), an important site of NPY release. NPY synthesis in the ARC is thought to be regulated by several factors, notably insulin, which may exert an inhibitory action. The effects of NPY injected into the PVN and other sites include...
The aim of this work was to establish the role of endogenous ANP during a spontaneous asthma attack. Forced expiratory lung volume in 1 s (FEV1), cardiovascular parameters, and plasma ANP, cAMP, and cGMP were measured for 60 min before and 10 min after treatment with a bronchodilator in 10 asthmatics. The results show that in the presence of moderate bronchoconstriction, FEV1 was 54 ± 3% (±SE);...
To investigate possible influences of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) on auditory perceptional processes, 12 subjects received either placebo (sodium chloride 0.9%), GHRH (50 μg), or SRIF (100 μg) on different days. Late auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were computed and further analyzed by using the brain electric source analysis (BESA) method. Reduced late AEP latencies...
Northern blot analysis of nerve growth factor (NGF) was used to evaluate the effect of exogenous AVP(4-8) on the transcription of NGF gene in rat brain. NGF expression was found to be significantly enhanced by exogenous AVP(4-8) in the hippocampus as well as in the cerebral cortex in a time period of 12 h. This effect was inhibited by an antagonist to AVP(4-8). In addition, gel mobility shift assay...
A number of hemoglobin-derived homogenous peptides were isolated from erythrocyte lysate. The amino acid sequences of nine peptides were determined. Seven out of nine peptides were relatively long, 30-32 membered peptides covering the N- or C-terminal sequences of globin chains. The remaining two were the pentapeptide neo-kyotorphin and its tetrapeptide derivative.
The occurrence of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was assessed in the ankle joints and dorsal root ganglia (L2-L6) by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA) after unilateral sciatic nerve section in adjuvant arthritis. Nerve section in arthritic rats had no clear-cut effect on warmth, redness, and swelling of ankle joints, but significantly affected the occurrence...
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) acts in the central nervous system to regulate gastrointestinal functions in rats and dogs. The effects of intracisternal injection of NPY on bile secretion and biliary components were investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats with bile duct cannula. Intracisternal NPY (0.02-0.12 nmol) dose-dependently increased bile secretion by 9.2-19.5%. The secretory response occurred within...
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