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Although it is broadly accepted that the immune system and the nervous system functionally interact with each other at various levels, many aspects of this crosstalk still remain unclear. One player in this interaction is neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic neurotransmitter, which has been demonstrated to regulate a broad variety of immune functions. In this review we will outline key findings on...
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary–adrenal gland (HPA) axis can modulate the immune system. Cytokines and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are potent regulators of the HPA axis and are both produced by the adrenal medulla. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) belongs to the interleukin-1 family along with interleukin-1α and the interleukin receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). The aim of the present study was to...
Growing evidence suggests that endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) may play an important role in the regulation of cardiac function by releasing several cardioactive factors such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), Angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO). In our laboratory, we demonstrated that similar to ET-1, EECs do possess different types of NPY receptors, specifically Y 1 and Y 2 receptors...
The abundantly expressed neuropeptide Y (NPY) has potent effects on feeding, body weight, and blood pressure, and exhibits important functions in various behavioral domains such as motor activity and anxiety. The potent neurotransmitter exerts its biological effects through at least five G-protein coupled receptors termed Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 4 , Y 5 , and y 6 . The...
Seizures induce profound plastic changes in the brain, including altered expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors. Here, I discuss a potential role of NPY plasticity in the developmental brain: in a rat model of febrile seizures (FS), the most common type of seizures in infants and young children, NPY expression was up-regulated in hippocampus after experimentally induced FS. Interestingly,...
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