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Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in the control of a gonadal hormone-dependent communicative behavior in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) called flank marking. Previous studies have shown that gonadal hormones alter the amount of flank markings stimulated by the microinjection of AVP into the medial preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH). The purpose of the present...
To investigate the role of the hormone vasopressin (VP) in mediating the response of the body to stress, corticosterone levels of VP-containing (LE) rats and VP-deficient (DI) rats were compared following administration of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) under stressed and nonstressed conditions. The stressor utilized was immobilization, an acute physical stressor. Dexamethasone (DEX),...
A number of analogues of vasopressin, incorporating the substitution of d-3 -(pyridyl)-alanine in position 2, were synthesized and tested for antidiuretic (V 2 ), vasoconstrictor (V 1a ) and ACTH secretory (V 1b ; pituitary) activities. One analogue, deamino-[d-3 -(pyridyl)-alanine 2 ] arginine-vasopressin (abbreviated d[d-3Pal]VP) was a potent pituitary...
Circulating argininevasopressin (AVP) is known to reduce the blood-to-brain transfer of large neutral amino acids (AA). As a first step to examine whether the reduced uptake by brain endothelial cells is reflected in changes in large neutral amino acid levels of the extracellular fluid environment of cells within the nervous tissue, we measured the concentrations of amino acids in plasma, cerebrospinal...
The interaction between long-term potentiation (LTP) and the action of a peptide transmitter was examined with evoked field potential recording in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in anesthetized male rats. The peptide transmitter transiently reversed and opposed the effects of LTP, and LTP reversed the action of the peptide transmitter. Because the peptide transmitter is released and has action...
We evaluated behavior and cognitive performance in a line of transgenic mice that overexpress the rat gene for vasopressin. Open field testing revealed greatest habituation in homozygous mice. Passive avoidance performance indicated equal learning and memory ability of transgenic compared to normal mice. Drinking behavior following exposure to 10% sucrose solution suggested diminished neophobia...
The effects of intranasal treatment with DDAVP on healthy, male volunteers was assessed. Subjects were asked to learn prose passages and then were given either 60 μg of DDAVP or saline in a double-blind procedure. Subjects were then asked to recall the passages after a 24-h delay. Treatment had no effect on recall of passages. This suggests that treatment with vasopressin affects acquisition rather...
To investigate the role of the hormone vasopressin (VP) in mediating the response of an organism to food restriction stress-induced analgesia, tail flick latencies and scored qualitative behavioral responses were recorded in VP-containing (LE) rats and VP-deficient (DI) rats. These variables were measured under nonstressed (ad lib) and stressed (food restriction) conditions. In the ad lib condition,...
The anorectic effect of IP injection of amylin (1 μg/kg) was abolished by simultaneous IP injection of the amylin receptor antagonist calcitonin gene-related peptide-(8-37) [CGRP(8-37), 10 μg/kg]. The IP injection of pancreatic glucagon (400 μg/kg) at dark onset also reduced food intake in 24-h food-deprived rats, and this effect was also totally blocked by coadministration of CGRP(8-37)(10 μg/kg)...
To characterize the urinary kinetics of AVP, and the influence of regional blood flow on the metabolic degradation of AVP, multiple doses of AVP were administered to conscious rabbits. AVP systemic clearance (Cl T ) was not influenced by changes in dose, in spite of a decrease in AVP urinary clearance following the highest dose. Hepatic blood flow was inversely associated with AVP concentrations,...
The present studies were undertaken to better characterize the pharmacological properties of oxytocin receptors (OTRs) of the porcine kidney cell line, LLC-PK 1 , in their natural membranous environment and after solubilization. In intact membranes, binding of a selective radioligand was rapid, reversible, saturable, and of high affinity. High-affinity agonist binding was reduced by a GTP...
In this study, we carried out an immunohistochemical evaluation of the neurochemical characteristics of neurons that are activated (i.e., express Fos protein) in response to systemic administration of nitroglycerin. In the brain stem, a significant percentage of activated neurons contained noradrenaline as a neurotransmitter, whereas only a few of them contained serotonin. In the paraventricular...
The aim of the present experiment was to test whether vasopressin modulates pain perception in man. Twenty-four male volunteers participated in four sessions, each 2 weeks apart. After an adaptation session the subjects were treated intranasally with either 30 or 60 μg desmopressin (DDAVP) or placebo according to a cross-over double-blind design. Pain induction involved mechanical, thermal, and...
To elucidate the differences of physiological function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), we measured tissue concentration and mRNA level in cardiac atrium, ventricle, and brain as well as plasma concentration of these three peptides in water-deprived (WD) and in salt-loaded (SL) rats. WD rats were given no water for 5 days,...
In Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) arginine-vasopressin (AVP) within the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH) plays a critical role in the control of a hormone-dependent behavior called flank marking. The present study investigated whether ovarian hormones influence flank marking by altering the response of the MPOA-AH to AVP. The amount of flank marking stimulated by microinjection...
Murphy, S., I. Beall, A. Renner and T. Smock.Orthodromic activation of peptidergic cells in the medial amygdala.Peptides 18(8) 1175-1177, 1997.-Electrical recordings from vasopressin-containing cells in the medial amygdala were obtained. Electrical stimulation of one major afferent structure, the accessory olfactory bulb, invariably elicited single unit discharge in the peptidergic cells and set up...
Drago, F., M. Stanciu, S. Salehi and U. Scapagnini.The block of central vasopressin V 1 but not V 2 receptors suppresses grooming behavior and hypothermia induced by intracerebroventricular vasopressin in male rats.Peptides 18(9) 1389-1392, 1997.-The role of central vasopressin V 1 receptors in grooming behavior induced by vasopressin and oxytocin was studied in male rats of...
Yokoi, H., H. Arima, K. Kondo, T. Murase, Y. Iwasaki, H.-Y. T. Yang and Y. Oiso. Antiserum Against Neuropeptide FF Augments Vasopressin Release in Conscious Rats. Peptides 19(2) 393-395, 1998.-We previously reported that centrally administered neuropeptide FF (NPFF) inhibited arginine vasopressin (AVP) release. In this study, immunoneutralization of central NPFF was performed to evaluate the role...
The binding characteristics of YM087, a nonpeptide vasopressin (AVP) V 1A and V 2 receptor antagonist, were studied using 3 H-AVP binding to rhesus monkey liver and kidney membrane preparations. Both membrane preparations exhibited one class of high-affinity binding sites. However each membrane s receptors were different, with K d values of 0.57 and 1.11 nM, B...
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a peptide with opioid modulating and cardioexcitatory effects, it is present in the central nervous system and in the periphery of several mammalian species. Using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for NPFF-like immunoreactivity (NPFFir) we observed that the peptide concentration fluctuated in a pattern compatible with pulsatile secretion of the peptide in human blood...
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