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The aim of our study was to determine whether a meal modifies the antisecretory response induced by PYY and the structural requirements to elicit antisecretory effects of analogue PYY(22-36) for potential antidiarrhea therapy. The variations in short-circuit current (Isc) due to the modification of ionic transport across the rat intestine were assessed in vitro, using Ussing chambers. In fasted...
Several Y receptor subtypes have been cloned and/or pharmacologically characterized that mediate the effects of the regulatory peptides peptide YY (PYY), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). These peptides possess antisecretory properties on the intestine. This effect can be blocked in vivo by neural antagonists, suggesting the intervention of neural receptors, although epithelial...
Eto, B., M. Boisset, Y. Anini, T. Voisin and J.-F. Desjeux.Comparison of the antisecretory effect of endogenous forms of peptide YY on fed and fasted rat jejunum.Peptides 18(8) 1249-1255, 1997.-It is intriguing that the antisecretory peptide YY is present in plasma in two forms: PYY1-36 and PYY3-36. PYY3-36 has been found in human and rabbit blood within 30 min of the beginning of the meal, when the...
We evaluated protocols for the extraction of calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P, peptide YY and β-endorphin from rat lung tissue for subsequent radioimmunoassay. The effects of varying acidity of the extraction solution and repeating extraction on the recovery of peptide immunoreactivity and non-specific tracer-binding were compared by analysis of variance. Moreover, variability...
The purpose of this work was to determine the mechanism of the antisecretory effect of peptide YY in the rat colon and whether this effect is physiological. In this prospect, doses of exogenous peptide YY producing physiological and supraphysiological plasma levels were intravenously infused in rats provided with colonic and jejunal ligated loops in vivo, under secretory stimulation by vasoactive...
Peptide YY (PYY)-positive cells are distributed in the mucosa of the ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum of sheep, but not in other layers of these regions. By radioimmunoassay, mucosal content of PYY in the ovine large intestine was much less than that in the rat intestine. The plasma concentration of immunoreactive PYY did not significantly fluctuate over a 48-h period in conscious sheep, even after...
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that is abundant in the brain and peripheral nervous system. NPY has a variety of effects when administered into the brain including a pronounced feeding effect, anxiolysis, regulation of neuroendocrine axes and inhibition of neurotransmitter release. These effects are mediated by up to 6 G protein coupled receptors designated Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5 and...
The Y5 receptor has been postulated to be the main receptor mediating NPY-induced food intake in rats, based on its pharmacological profile and mRNA distribution. To further characterize this important receptor subtype, we isolated the Y5 gene in the guinea pig, a widely used laboratory animal in which all other known NPY receptors (Y1, Y2, Y4, y6) [2,13,33,37] have recently been cloned by our group...
To characterize receptor subtypes in the mouse, we performed autoradiographic localization and pharmacological characterization studies using the selective radiolabeled agonists, [ 125 I]-Leu 31 , Pro 34 -PYY and [ 125 I]-PYY 3-36. The pharmacology of [ 125 I]-Leu 31 , Pro 34 -PYY and [ 1...
The peptidic Y1 antagonist 1229U91 and the non-peptidic antagonist J-104870 have high binding affinities for the human Y1 receptor. These Y1 antagonists show anorexigenic effects on NPY-induced feeding in rats, although they have completely different structures and molecular sizes. To identify the binding sites of these ligands, we substituted amino acid residues of the human Y1 receptor with alanine...
The NPY system has a multitude of effects and is particularly well known for its role in appetite regulation. We have found that the five presently known receptors in mammals arose very early in vertebrate evolution before the appearance of jawed vertebrates 400 million years ago. The genes Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 5 arose by local duplications and are still present on the same chromosome...
Peptide YY (PYY) is a naturally occurring gut hormone with mostly inhibitory actions on multiple tissue targets. PYY has been identified in several carcinoid tumors and a decreased expression of PYY may be relevant to the development and progression of colon adenocarcinoma. Treatment with PYY decreases growth in pancreatic and breast tumors, most likely through a reduction in intracellular cAMP. In...
The cellular distribution of PP and PYY in mammals is reviewed. Expression of PP is restricted to endocrine cells mainly present in the pancreas predominantly in the duodenal portion (head) but also found in small numbers in the gastro-intestinal tract. PYY has a dual expression in both endocrine cells and neurons. PYY expressing endocrine cells occur all along the gastrointestinal tract and are frequent...
Peptide YY is an abundant distal gut hormone that may play a significant role in intestinal epithelial proliferation. Gut epithelial cells express specific receptors for PYY, PYY induces proliferation in intestinal cells in vivo and in vitro, and the Y1 receptor subtype couples to mitogenic signaling pathways. In addition to proposed physiologic effects on gut mucosal maintenance, PYY proliferative...
We have evaluated the effects of fatty acid chain length on ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion and hypothesized that intraduodenal administration of dodecanoic (“C12”), but not decanoic (“C10”), acid would decrease plasma ghrelin and increase PYY, GLP-2 and PP concentrations. Plasma hormone concentrations were measured in seven healthy...
The gut-derived hormone peptide YY (PYY) is most commonly known for its effect on satiety, decreasing food intake and body weight in animals and humans. However, PYY is also involved in a wide range of digestive functions including regulating insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Over the last few years, there have been several interesting clinical and animal studies investigating the role of...
Endocrine cells, enteric neurons and enterocytes provide an integrated functional defense against luminal factors, including nutrients, microbes and toxins. Prominent among intrinsic mediators is peptide YY (PYY) which is present in ∼50% of colorectal endocrine cells and neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neurotransmitter expressed in submucous and myenteric nerves. Both peptides and their long fragments (PYY(3–36)...
The brain neuropeptide Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important modulator of a number of centrally mediated processes including feeding, anxiety-like behaviors, blood pressure and others. NPY produces its effects through at least four functional G-protein coupled receptors termed Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5. In the brain, the Y1 and Y2 receptor subtypes are the predominant receptor population. To better understand...
PYY(3-36) is a gut regulatory peptide which has recently been found to reduce appetite. Variability of this effect across different experimental conditions has led to confusion and polarization of opinion on its potential as an anti-obesity treatment. This review summarizes recent progress in this area. The basic anorexigenic effect leading to weight loss in rodents has now been confirmed by several...
Peptide YY (PYY) orchestrates function of the gut and pancreas by regulating growth, digestion and absorption. In addition to its physiological role, PYY exhibits immune and antitrophic properties in the pancreas by decreasing cytokine and amylase release. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action are still not fully understood, PYY interacts at the acinar level with numerous intracellular transcription...
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