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The peptidergic innervation of the human superficial temporal artery was investigated by means of immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and in vitro pharmacological techniques. A dense network of nerve fibers was found in the adventitia. The majority of the nerve fibers displayed immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y (NPY). A moderate supply of perivascular nerve fibers displayed...
The effects of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (rCGRP) on the content of cyclic nucleotides in the cells of plexus-free longitudinal muscle (LM) of guinea pig ileum relative to smooth muscle relaxation were investigated. In the absence of isobutyl-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, rCGRP significantly increased cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content...
Inhibition of human [ 125 I]calcitonin gene-related peptide-I ([ 125 I]hCGRP-I) binding by human adrenomedullin (hADM), its N-terminal truncated fragments, CGRP and amylin, and cyclic AMP accumulation were examined in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. Binding of [ 125 I]hCGRP-I (125 pM) was inhibited by hCGRP-I, hADM(1-52), hADM(13-52),...
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator peptide present in capsaicin-sensitive neurons innervating the respiratory tract. In this study, the autoradiographic distribution of [ 125 I]CGRP binding sites was investigated in guinea pig airways. Extremely dense specific binding occurred over parenchymal tissue, with moderate specific binding over tracheal glands,...
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37-amino acid residue neuropeptide, was immunostained in rat thymus at two sites: a subpopulation of thymic epithelial cells, namely subcapsular/perivascular cells, were heavily stained besides some nerve fibers surrounding arteries and arterioles. The administration of nanomolar concentrations of rat α-CGRP dose-dependently raised intracellular cyclic adenosine...
Neurons of the guinea pig IMG are surrounded by nerve fibers containing CGRP-like immunoreactivity (LI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether colonic distension releases CGRP-LI in the IMG and whether opioid peptides and neurotensin(8-13) [NT(8-13)] modulate its release. Colonic distension released CGRP-LI. Methionine-enkephalin acted through mu and/or delta receptors to block release...
The purpose of present study was to determine whether peptidase activity affects the release of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from spinal cord slices. When slices were exposed to various inhibitors of endopeptidase 24.11, the resting and capsaicin-stimulated release of SP were less than 0.04% and 0.20% total content per minute, respectively. Resting CGRP release was...
Previously, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) decreased food intake when administered ICV but not when administered peripherally to rats. Amylin, which has a close structural homology to CGRP, reduced food intake administered IP at concentrations higher than those previously tested for CGRP. We examined the effects of higher doses of IP-administered CGRP on food intake. CGRP reduced food intake...
Adrenomedullin (ADM), a vasodilatatory peptide contained in adrenal medulla, was found to induce a dose-dependent increase in aldosterone (ALDO) and corticosterone (B) release by the in situ perfused rat adrenal gland, along with a rise in the flow rate of the perfusion medium. The minimal effective dose for ALDO response was three and two orders of magnitude less than those able to evoke B and medium...
Strips of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) from rabbits were tested for their responses to several peptides, and to electrical field stimulation (EFS) under the presence of some peptides. Substance P (SP), motilin, and bombesin induced contraction, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) induced relaxation. SP- and bombesin-induced contractions were antagonized by SP antagonist. VIP-induced relaxation...
Shih, C. and G. W. Bernard. Neurogenic substance P stimulates osteogenesis in vitro Peptides 18(2) 323–326, 1997.—Previous studies have shown that there is colocalization of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptitde (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in bone, periosteum and bone marrow. Because SP may also possibly play a role in bone formation, we decided to test whether it has an osteogenic...
The specificity of neuroendocrine prohormone convertases for tetrabasic amino acid sites was investigated. Mutations were introduced into the tetrabasic cleavage site of the procalcitonin gene-related peptide (proCGRP) cDNA and these mutated cDNA's were expressed in AtT-20 cells which predominantly express the endoprotease prohormone convertase-1 (PC1/3), and in GH3 cells which predominantly express...
Sone, M., K. Takahashi, F. Satoh, O. Murakami, K. Totsune, M. Ohneda, H. Sasano, H. Ito and T. Mouri.Specific adrenomedullin binding sites in the human brain. Peptides 18(8) 1125-1129, 1997.-Binding sites for adrenomedullin in human brain were investigated and characterized by radioligand binding. Specific binding sites for adrenomedullin were present in every region of human brain (cerebral cortex,...
We evaluated protocols for the extraction of calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P, peptide YY and β-endorphin from rat lung tissue for subsequent radioimmunoassay. The effects of varying acidity of the extraction solution and repeating extraction on the recovery of peptide immunoreactivity and non-specific tracer-binding were compared by analysis of variance. Moreover, variability...
The direct effects and the intracellular pathways of rCGRP were investigated on smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated by enzymatic digestion from the circular and longitudinal layers of guinea-pig ileum. In circular SMC, rCGRP inhibited CCK8-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (Cmax = 100 μM and EC 50 = 0.7 ± 0.4 nM). Preincubation of SMC with 1 μM Rp-cAMPs, a cAMP...
Lutz, T. A., M. Senn, J. Althaus, E. Del Prete, F. Ehrensperger and E. Scharrer. Lesion of the area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) attenuates the anorectic effects of amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rats. Peptides 19(2) 309-317, 1998.-The area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) region plays an important role in the control of food intake since it...
Intravenous (IV) bolus injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) caused a depressor response, which was significantly larger in 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). CGRP also caused decreases in carotid and hindquarter vascular resistance, the magnitude of which was larger in the carotid than the hindquarter. In both regions, the vasodilator...
The majority of nerve fibers in the middle meningeal artery and branching arterioles are sympathetic, storing norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y (NPY). A sparse supply of fibers contain acetylcholinesterase activity and immunoreactivity toward vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptidine histidine methionine (PHM), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Only few substance P and neuropeptide...
Amylin and the structurally and functionally related peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been shown to reduce food intake in rats. The aim of the present study was to compare the anorectic potency of both peptides over a wide dose range when administered into the lateral brain ventricle (ICV). Furthermore, we also tested the influence of a lesion in the area postrema/nucleus of the...
Thirty mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against rat calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRP-α) have been obtained. These mAbs are classified in 2 groups, one recognizing the peptide N-terminus and the other binding the C-terminus. A two-site immunometric assay was developed using mAb CGRP-83 as capture antibody, whereas mAb CGRP-72 acts as tracer, covalently labeled with enzyme acetylcholinesterase...
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