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Inhibition of human [ 125 I]calcitonin gene-related peptide-I ([ 125 I]hCGRP-I) binding by human adrenomedullin (hADM), its N-terminal truncated fragments, CGRP and amylin, and cyclic AMP accumulation were examined in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. Binding of [ 125 I]hCGRP-I (125 pM) was inhibited by hCGRP-I, hADM(1-52), hADM(13-52),...
Amylin injected IP reduced food intake for 2-4 h in subdiaphragmatically vagotomized and in sham-vagotomized rats. The magnitude of the anorectic effect of 0.5 μg/kg amylin was similar to that of 2.5 μg/kg amylin but the duration of the effect was somewhat shorter with the low dose. Amylin (1 μg/kg, IP) had no influence on gastric emptying. In conclusion, the hypophagic effect of peripherally administered...
The anorectic effect of IP injection of amylin (1 μg/kg) was abolished by simultaneous IP injection of the amylin receptor antagonist calcitonin gene-related peptide-(8-37) [CGRP(8-37), 10 μg/kg]. The IP injection of pancreatic glucagon (400 μg/kg) at dark onset also reduced food intake in 24-h food-deprived rats, and this effect was also totally blocked by coadministration of CGRP(8-37)(10 μg/kg)...
Amylin dose-dependently stimulated the secretion of amylase and cholesterol esterase from rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells. The biochemical basis of this action was investigated using fura-2-loaded AR42J cells. Amylin increased intracellular free calcium, [Ca 2+ ] i , in a dose-dependent manner. The Ca 2+ signal persisted even in Ca 2+ -free medium,...
Previously, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) decreased food intake when administered ICV but not when administered peripherally to rats. Amylin, which has a close structural homology to CGRP, reduced food intake administered IP at concentrations higher than those previously tested for CGRP. We examined the effects of higher doses of IP-administered CGRP on food intake. CGRP reduced food intake...
Amylin is a peptide of pancreatic origin that has been reported to possess high-affinity binding sites in the brain and to affect central dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Administered ICV the peptide induced a dose-dependent decrease of locomotor activity without affecting grooming and sniffing. At a dose of 5 μg/rat, it antagonized the hypermotility and stereotypies induced by SC...
In the present study, we investigated the influence of blockade of the serotoninergic and histaminergic neurotransmitter system on the anorectic effect of IP-injected amylin in rats. In 12- or 24-h food-deprived rats, blockade of central and peripheral serotonin (5-HT) receptors with the 5-HT 1 and 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist metergoline (0.5 or 0.05 mg/kg, IP, respectively) did not...
Schifter, S. Expression of the calcitonin gene family in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Peptides 18(2) 307–317, 1997.—The regulatory peptide calcitonin was discovered in 1962. During the last decade it has been demonstrated to be part of a gene family. Calcitonin is synthesized in the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland. These cells give rise to an endocrine tumor, medullary thyroid...
Amylin has been reported to have bone-conserving effects. In the present study we evaluated the possible activity of the peptide on human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells in primary culture. Amylin between 10 -9 and 10 -6 M, dose-dependently stimulated cell proliferation with a maximal effect (200%) at 10 -6 M. In addition, amylin increased osteocalcin production...
Lutz, T. A., T. R. Pieber, B. Walzer, E. Del Prete and E. Scharrer. Different influence of CGRP(8-37), an amylin and CGRP antagonist, on the anorectic effects of cholecystokinin and bombesin in diabetic and normal rats. Peptides 18(5) 643-649, 1997.—Because previous studies had suggested that the anorectic effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin (BBS) depend partly on the release of amylin or...
Mulder, H., M. Ekelund, E. Ekblad and F. Sundler. Islet amyloid polypeptide in the gut and pancreas: localization, ontogeny and gut motility effects. Peptides 18(6) 771–783, 1997.—The occurrence of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the gut and pancreas of several species and during ontogeny of the rat, was studied using immunocytochemistry. Effects of IAPP on rat ileal smooth muscle were assessed...
Lutz, T. A., M. Senn, J. Althaus, E. Del Prete, F. Ehrensperger and E. Scharrer. Lesion of the area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) attenuates the anorectic effects of amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rats. Peptides 19(2) 309-317, 1998.-The area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) region plays an important role in the control of food intake since it...
Insulin and amylin are cosecreted by pancreatic B cells and have receptors within the central nervous system (CNS), where they exert multiple effects. Although these peptides are not produced in the CNS, their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) explains their presence there. We used multiple-time regression analysis to measure, in mice, the unidirectional influx constant (Ki) of each of...
Amylin and the structurally and functionally related peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been shown to reduce food intake in rats. The aim of the present study was to compare the anorectic potency of both peptides over a wide dose range when administered into the lateral brain ventricle (ICV). Furthermore, we also tested the influence of a lesion in the area postrema/nucleus of the...
Amylin (AMY) is a peptide of pancreatic origin principally involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, but that may interfere with central and peripheral dopamine (DA) pathways. The peptide, injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) at the dose of 2.5 μg/rat, induced a decrease of copulatory activity in good copulators (GCO) and sluggish (SLU) male rats. The dose of 0.1 μg/rat did not affect significantly...
The teleost salmon calcitonin (sCT), but not mammalian CT, shows similar biologic actions in the skeletal muscle as amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The peptides have also been shown to reduce food intake in rats. Because sCT, but not amylin, binds irreversibly to amylin binding sites, the aim of the present study was to compare the anorectic potency of both peptides. To determine...
Central administration of amylin (2.2 μg/rat, i.c.v.) reduces (from a minimum of 67% to 83%) indomethacin (Indo, 20 mg Kg -1 , orally) induced ulcers in rats. The anti-ulcer effect of the peptide is not removed by the administration of prokinetic drugs like domperidone or neostigmine but it is reduced by 35% in rats treated with capsaicin or with the CGRP antagonist, CGRP 8-...
We recently reported the direct inhibitory effect of adrenomedullin on caecal circular smooth muscle cells via cAMP system. This study was designed to determine whether the structurally related peptides to adrenomedullin (i.e.; calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin, and amylin) can inhibit the cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8)-induced contractile response by exerting a direct action...
Responses to human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) and human adrenomedullin (hADM) hAmylin were investigated in isolated mesenteric resistance arteries from the rat. The results of the present investigation show that hCGRP, hAmylin, and hADM induce dose-related vasodilator responses in isolated resistance arteries from the rat mesenteric vascular bed. Vasodilator responses to hCGRP and hAmylin...
Adrenomedullin (AM), α- and β-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin and calcitonin (CT) are structurally and functionally related peptides. The structure of a receptor for CT (CTR) was elucidated in 1991 through molecular cloning, but the structures of the receptors for the other three peptides had yet to be elucidated. The discovery of receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMP) 1 and -2...
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