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Desacyl ghrelin is produced in the gastric mucosa and plasma by deacylation of ghrelin. It occurs in considerably larger amounts than ghrelin in various regions in the organisms of rats and mice. It exerts biological activities in vitro as different as stimulating adipogenesis or inhibiting glucose output in hepatocytes. In fasted rats, desacyl ghrelin levels decreased under catabolic metabolic conditions...
An anorexigenic peptide, nesfatin-1 was found in rat hypothalamus, and its expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus was reduced by starvation. Intracerebroventricular administration dose-dependently inhibited food intake for 6h in male Wistar and leptin resistant, Zucker fatty rats. There may be a crosstalk between nesfatin-1 pathway and melanocortin pathway in the brain. Nesfatin-1...
Novokinin (Arg-Pro-Leu-Lys-Pro-Trp), having affinity for the AT 2 receptor, is a potent vasorelaxing and hypotensive peptide designed based on the structure of ovokinin(2–7), a bioactive peptide derived from ovalbumin. Here we show that intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered novokinin dose-dependently suppresses food intake at a dose of 30–100nmol/mouse in fasted conscious mice. Orally...
Apelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues including brain and adipose tissue. In mammals and zebrafish, apelin regulates cardiovascular functions. Recent evidence in mammals suggest that apelin might also regulate food intake. In this study, we cloned a cDNA encoding apelin and examined apelin mRNA distribution within the brain and in peripheral tissues. We also assessed...
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) was first discovered in the pituitary gland of the chum salmon for its role in the regulation of skin pallor. Currently, MCH is known to be present in the brains of organisms ranging from fish to mammals. MCH has been suggested to be conserved principally as a central neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the brain. Indeed, MCH is considered to regulate food intake...
We found that β-lactotensin (His-Ile-Arg-Leu), which has been isolated as an ileum-contracting peptide from chymotrypsin digest of bovine β-lactoglobulin, dose-dependently suppresses food intake after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 40nmol/mouse or 100mg/kg, respectively, in fasted mice. Orally administered β-lactotensin also suppressed food intake at...
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