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We have previously reported that intramuscular injection of serotonin (5-HT) into the masseter muscle elicits pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist granisetron or 5-HT1A receptor antagonist propranolol can reduce 5-HT induced pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia in the masseter muscle. Twenty-four healthy individuals...
Recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that cotreatments with extremely low doses of opioid receptor antagonists can markedly enhance the efficacy and specificity of morphine and related opioid analgesics. Our correlative studies of the cotreatment of nociceptive types of dorsal-root ganglion neurons in vitro and mice in vivo with morphine plus specific opioid receptor antagonists...
Ziconotide (SNX-111), a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, is antinociceptive when it is administered intrathecally. It is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant pain syndromes. The present study was undertaken to compare and contrast antinociceptive properties of ziconotide, morphine and clonidine in a rat model...
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are considered chronic syndromes of altered visceral and somatic perception, respectively. Because there is a significant overlap of IBS and FM, shared pathophysiological mechanisms have been suggested. Although visceral perception has been well studied in IBS, somatic perception has not. Aims: To compare hypervigilance and altered sensory...
This randomised controlled study investigated the effect of outpatient multidisciplinary pain centre treatment (MPT) compared with treatment by a general practitioner after initial supervision by a pain specialist (GP-group) and with a group of patients waiting for 6 months before treatment was initiated (WL-group). One-hundred-and-eighty-nine chronic non-malignant pain patients were studied. At referral,...
After mechanical injury of a peripheral nerve some axotomized afferent neurons develop spontaneous activity, which is thought to trigger abnormal pain behavior in rats and neuropathic pain in humans. Here, we analysed the ectopic activity in axotomized afferent fibers recorded from the L5 dorsal root in different time periods after L5 spinal nerve lesion and the effects of sympathectomy on it. The...
The central terminals of the primary sensory trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons projecting into the caudal trigeminal nucleus (CTN) of the rat exhibit neurokinin A (NKA)-, substance P (SP)-, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivities (IRs). We stimulated the TG in the rat to induce some of the alterations which might occur during migraine (neurogenic inflammation). Under a stereotaxic...
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether melittin, the principal toxin of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom, can be used as an algogenic agent in the study of pain in humans. Five micrograms of melittin in 0.5 ml of saline was intradermally injected into the volar aspect of the forearm. Resultant pain was scored by a visual analogue scale (VAS), and skin temperature change was analyzed...
Pain related to HIV disease is frequently debilitating. Of the many pain syndromes that occur in persons with HIV, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) is particularly devastating. Because DSPN often responds, at best, only partially to available pharmacologic interventions, non-pharmacologic interventions need to be investigated. Vibration has been suggested to be effective for reducing pain...
Computerized diary measurement of pain, disability and psychological adaptation was performed four times a day for 4 weeks in 80 patients with various duration of unexplained pain. Reported are (1) the temporal characteristics and stability of pain report during the 4-week measurement period, (2) the association between pain duration and pain report, disability and general psychopathology, and (3)...
Intrathecal administration of MgSO4 is reported to cause paralysis. However, the characteristic sensory disturbances have not been thoroughly investigated. We examined the effect of intrathecally administered MgSO4 on the nociceptive threshold, using three different nociceptive measures, formalin test, hot plate test and paw pressure test in rats. The dose of MgSO4 was 30, 100 or 300 μg. In acute...
The goal of the present study was to examine whether loose ligation of the sciatic nerve was associated with long-term changes in neuronal excitability in the spinal dorsal horn in urethane-anesthetized rats. The sciatic nerve was stimulated with 0.1 ms long pulses at 1 stimulus/5 min, and the evoked dorsal horn field potentials remained stable in the absence of tetanic stimulation. In one set of...
Using in situ hybridization with riboprobes the distribution of α2A-, α2B- and α2C-adrenoceptor mRNAs were studied in normal rat dorsal root ganglia and after unilateral peripheral nerve injury (total nerve transection) or inflammation. The most common adrenoceptor mRNA was of the α2C subtype (almost 80% of all neuron profiles) followed by the α2A subtype (almost 20%), whereas α2B-adrenoceptor mRNA...
Oxycodone and morphine are structurally related, strong opioid analgesics, commonly used to treat moderate to severe pain in humans. Although it is well-established that morphine is a μ-opioid agonist, this is not the case for oxycodone. Instead, our recent studies have shown that oxycodone appears to be a κ-opioid agonist (Ross and Smith, 1997). In the current study, we now show that co-administration...
Facial arthromyalgia (temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome, TMD) is a chronic pain condition of unknown origin. This paper examines the extent to which the condition is associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. It also identifies factors which may be predictive of raised levels of these two moods and of the presence of clinical anxiety and clinical depression. Self-report measures...
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