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The Deg/ENaC family of ion channels, including ASIC1, 2 and 3, are candidate mechanotransducers in visceral and somatic sensory neurons, although each channel may play a different role in different sensory pathways. Here we determined which distinct populations of visceral sensory neurons are sensitive to the non-selective Deg/ENaC blocker benzamil, and which ASIC channels are targets for benzamil...
Little is known about the relationship between pain and aberrant use of prescription analgesics in persons living with HIV. We examined the predictive and concurrent associations among pain, aberrant use of opioids, and problem drug use history in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 2267 HIV+ persons. Covariance structure analyses tested a conceptual model wherein HIV+ patients with...
We have constructed and validated the Elderly Pain Caring Assessment 2 (EPCA-2) an 8 items behavioural scale to rate the intensity of pain in non-verbally communicating older (age⩾65years) patients (NVC-OP). It was postulated that the assessed pain had two dimensions (signs outside and during caregiving). The first version of the scale was constructed on the basis of the results of a survey among...
Previous findings that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in neuropathic pain, mainly through spinal mechanisms, suggest that ROS may be involved in central sensitization. To investigate the possible role of ROS in central sensitization, we examined in rats the effects of ROS scavengers on capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia, which is known to be mediated by central sensitization. We...
In spite of pain in the CRPS limb, clinical observations show patients pay little attention to, and fail to care for, their affected limb as if it were not part of their body. Literature describes this phenomenon in terms of neurological neglect-like symptoms. This qualitative study sought to explore the nature of the phenomenon with a view to providing insights into central mechanisms and the relationship...
In his psychobiological model of personality, Cloninger developed a novel approach concerning the relationships between psychopathological syndromes and personality. We investigated 207 chronic pain patients (CPPs) and compared them to 105 pain-free control subjects. Participants were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Structured-Clinical-Interview-II, the Beck Depression...
Endomorphin-2 (EM-2) is a carboxy-amidated tetrapeptide that binds the μ-opioid receptor with high affinity and is analgesic in several animal models of pain. Endomorphin peptides have been isolated from bovine and human brain, but no DNA sequences corresponding to a potential preproendomorphin gene have been identified in human genome sequence databases. In this study we designed a tripartite synthetic...
The proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which can be present in elevated levels in the central nervous system during pathological conditions, may be involved in the generation of persistent pain states by inducing neuronal hyperexcitability. The aim of the present study was to examine whether loss of dorsal horn GABAergic inhibition may underlie this IFN-γ-mediated neuronal hyperexcitability...
In several types of chronic pain, catastrophizing has been related to higher pain intensity, and health care utilization but it has not been explored extensively in sickle cell disease (SCD). The objective of the study was to identify the role of catastrophizing in SCD, specifically in relation to painful crises, non-crisis pain, and responses to pain. Two hundred and twenty SCD adults were enrolled...
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a natural fatty acid amide that mainly modulates feeding and energy homeostasis by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) [Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Navarro M, Gómez R, Escuredo L, Navas F, Fu J, et al. An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding. Nature 2001;414:209–12; Fu J, Gaetani S, Oveisi F, Lo Verme J, Serrano A, Rodríguez de Fonseca...
Cannabinoids are known to have analgesic properties. We evaluated the effect of oro-mucosal sativex, (THC: CBD), an endocannabinoid system modulator, on pain and allodynia, in 125 patients with neuropathic pain of peripheral origin in a five-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design trial. Patients remained on their existing stable analgesia. A self-titrating regimen was...
The Sociocommunication Model of Infant Pain [Craig KD, Pillai Riddell R. Social influences, culture and ethnicity. In: Finley GA, McGrath PJ, editors. Pediatric pain: biological and social context, Seattle: IASP Press; 2003.] theorizes that maternal variables influence the pained infant and that the pained infant reciprocally influences maternal responses to the infant. The current analysis examines...
The influence of contextual factors on the pain evoked by a noxious stimulus is not well defined. In this study, a −20°C rod was placed on one hand for 500ms while we manipulated the evaluative context (or ‘meaning’) of, warning about, and visual attention to, the stimulus. For meaning, a red (hot, more tissue damaging) or blue (cold, less tissue damaging) visual cue was used. For warning, the stimulus...
The anti-migraine drug sumatriptan often induces unpleasant somatosensory side effects, including a dislike of being touched. With a double-blind cross-over design, we studied the effects of sumatriptan and saline on perception (visual analogue scale) and cortical processing (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of tactile stimulation in healthy subjects. Soft brush stroking on the calf (n=6) was...
Pain is a common symptom in the general population. While most subjects experience pain in more than one body site, most epidemiologic and clinical studies focus on single pain sites. Limited evidence on spatial pain pattern reporting is available to date. This study develops a taxonomy for complex spatial pain pattern reporting in the general population, and assesses associations to external criteria...
A painful neuropathy is frequently observed in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The HIV coat protein, glycoprotein 120 (gp120), implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders associated with HIV, is capable of initiating neurotoxic cascades via an interaction with the CXCR4 and/or CCR5 chemokine receptors, which may underlie the pathogenesis of HIV-associated...
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