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Human imaging localizes most visceral nociceptive responses to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), however, imaging in conscious subjects cannot completely control anticipatory and reflexive activity or resolve neuron activity. This study overcame these shortcomings by recording individual neuron responses in 12 anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits to define the visceronociceptive response pattern by region...
Thermal burns induce pain at the site of injury, mechanical hyperalgesia, associated with a complex time-dependent inflammatory response. To determine the contribution of inflammatory mediators to burn injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, we measured dynamic changes in the levels of three potent hyperalgesic cytokines, interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), in skin of the...
Glial activation is a typical response of the central nervous system to nerve injury. In the current investigation, we characterized the temporal and spatial pattern of glial proliferation, one of the most conspicuous features of glial activation, in relation to nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a mitotic marker, we analyzed cell proliferation in the spinal cord,...
The roles of central protein kinases A and C (PKA and PKC) in various pain states have intensively been investigated during the past decade. The aim of the present study was to investigate the peripheral involvement of PKA and PKC in persistent nociceptive response, evoked pain behaviors, and inflammation induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of bee venom (BV, 0.2mg/50μl) in rats. The effects of...
Various surgical procedures, e.g. thoracotomy and inguinal hernia repair, frequently evoke persistent pain lasting for many months following the initial surgery. The essential prolonged tissue retraction required during such surgeries may account for the persistence and high incidence of postoperative pain in these patient populations. This study describes a new rat model of persistent postoperative...
To assess whether pseudoradicular low-back pain may be associated with subclinical sensory deficits in the distal extremity, we applied the quantitative sensory testing protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) in 15 patients with pseudoradicular pain distribution. Sixteen age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects as well as 12 patients with radicular pain syndromes...
We aimed to locate a chronic pain-associated QTL in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) based on previous findings of a QTL (pain1) on chromosome 15 of the mouse (Mus musculus). The work was based on rat selection lines HA (high autotomy) and LA (low autotomy) which show a contrasting pain phenotype in response to nerve injury in the neuroma model of neuropathic pain. An F 2 segregating population...
The present study examined the relation between stage of chronicity and treatment response in patients with work-related musculoskeletal conditions and concurrent depressive symptoms. Also of interest was the role of reductions in pain severity, catastrophic thinking and fear of movement/re-injury as mediators of the relation between chronicity and treatment response. A sample of 80 individuals (38...
Persistent pain has been reported in up to 80% of patients after limb amputation. The mechanisms are not fully understood, but nerve injury during amputation is important, with evidence for the crucial involvement of the spinal N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in central changes. The study objective was to assess the effect of pre-emptively modulating sensory input with epidural ketamine (an NMDA...
In a previous study, we showed that electroacupuncture (EA) applied to the SI-6 point on the contralateral forelimb produces long-lasting and powerful analgesia in pain caused by ankle sprain in a rat model. To investigate the underlying mechanism of EA analgesia, the present study tested the effects of various antagonists on known endogenous analgesic systems in this model. Ankle sprain was induced...
Increased blood pressure and sweet taste are often associated with decreased pain sensitivity. Animal research suggests that endogenous opioids are involved in both these relationships. Fifty-eight healthy young adults (36 male, 22 female) participated in two sessions receiving a placebo tablet or 50mg of naltrexone on counterbalanced days. On each day, three cold-pressor tests were administered while...
Guidelines for the management of low back pain (LBP) have existed for many years, but adherence to these by health care practitioners (HCPs) remains suboptimal. The aim of this study was to measure the attitudes, beliefs and reported clinical behaviour of UK physiotherapists (PTs) and general practitioners (GPs) about LBP and to explore the associations between these. A cross-sectional postal survey...
This systematic literature review aims to assess the prognostic value of psychological factors in the development of late whiplash syndrome (LWS). We included prospective cohort studies that provided a baseline measure of at least one psychological variable and used outcome measures relating to LWS (i.e. pain or disability persisting 6 months post injury). A search of electronic databases (Pubmed,...
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