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Post-injury inflammation activates nociceptive systems and recruits normally non-nociceptive afferents into a pain processing role. During inflammation, Aβ low threshold mechanoreceptor afferents that usually mediate tactile sensation acquire properties of nociceptors, allowing them to participate in post-injury spontaneous pain and evoked abnormalities such as tenderness and pain to light touch....
In this study, we sought to characterize the effects of focal GABA A receptor antagonism on spontaneous and evoked activity in dorsal horn neurons of the α-chloralose anesthetized cat. Bicuculline (0.5, 1.0 mM) applied near the neurons through a transparenchymal dialysis fiber resulted in increased evoked activity in nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. Hair deflection was the stimulus most affected,...
The inability to predict outcome in patients with low back/neck pain leads to inappropriate or unnecessary treatment. The aims of the study were to identify prognostic factors for disability at 1-year follow-up in patients with back pain visiting primary care, and to compare the effect of these in two treatment strategies - chiropractic and physiotherapy. Data were taken from a randomised trial on...
There is evidence for sex differences in responses to noxious stimuli and in the expression and mediation of analgesia. In particular, results of investigations with swim stress and the more ethologically appropriate stress of predator odor exposure have suggested sex differences in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system involvement in the mediation of analgesia. Whether or not this sex difference...
In human amputees with painful phantom sensations, mislocalizations of tactile stimuli to the phantom increase with the amount of cortical representational reorganization and the extent of phantom pain. A similar phenomenon was incidentally encountered in healthy subjects. For reasons unrelated to the question of mislocalization, we performed a study involving the application of experimental acute...
Experimental inflammatory compression injury to the sciatic nerve (chronic constriction injury, CCI) induces Wallerian degeneration of axons and damages non-neuronal cells at the injury site in association with the development of exaggerated pain-like behavior, or hyperalgesia, to noxious thermal stimuli in the affected anatomical area. We examined whether glutathione, one of whose many functions...
Women with chronic pelvic pain experience serious distress and lifestyle disruption. Confronted with a difficult condition to diagnose and treat effectively, doctors express a negative perception of this group of `heartsink' patients. This study aimed to characterise medical attitudes towards the treatment of women with chronic pelvic pain. Tape recorded focus group discussions with gynaecologists,...
Changes in pain sensitivity throughout the menstrual cycle were assessed in 36 normally menstruating women and 30 users of oral contraceptives. Pain sensitivity was measured with palpation of rheumatological tender points and with pressure dolorimetry. The number of tender points identified by palpation was greater in the follicular (postmenstrual) phase of the cycle as compared to the luteal (intermenstrual)...
The existing literature on experimentally induced pain indicates that there are sex differences, with females displaying greater sensitivity. In epidemiological studies, sex differences are also noted in the prevalence of a number of pain syndromes, with females reporting more severe pain, more frequent pain, and pain of longer duration. Complicating the interpretation of pain differences between...
Clinicians and researchers often ask patients to remember their past pain. They also use patient's reports of relief from pain as evidence of treatment efficacy, assuming that relief represents the difference between pretreatment pain and present pain. We have estimated the accuracy of remembering pain and described the relationship between remembered pain, changes in pain levels and reports of relief...
A revolution in molecular biological technology has allowed, for the first time, the study of pain at the level of the gene. The molecular genetic technique currently garnering the most interest is the use of transgenic mice that either overexpress, or do not express, presumably pain-related proteins. This paper reviews the findings of investigations in which a transgenic mouse has been assessed for...
A secondary zone of cutaneous hyperalgesia in humans is characterized by increased pain to mechanical stimuli. In contrast, the perception of heat stimuli delivered to a secondary zone of hyperalgesia in humans often shows a paradoxical decrease in magnitude. A number of studies have shown that the responses of spinal cord neurons to cutaneous mechanical stimuli after peripheral injury model well...
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