Nonaqueous anion-exchange chromatographic selectivity has been studied in methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (MeCN),N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF), and their mixtures. Changing solvents results in drastic changes in anion-exchange selectivity; in MeOH, larger and less solvated ions are more retained, while smaller and more solvated ions are more favorably retained in MeCN or DMF irrespective of the chemical structure of the anion-exchange sites. In solvents with low acceptor ability, the hydrogen bond formation between anions and anion-exchange sites plays a decisive role, and thus the affinity of small anions to the anion-exchange sites comprised of primary ammonium ions is much higher than expected from electrostatic coulombic interaction. In contrast, the affinity to the anion-exchange sites comprised of tetraalkylammonium ions is qualitatively explained by coulombic interaction in the absence of specific adsorption. In most cases, the ratio of k can be explained by the ratio of the ion-pair formation constants determined in bulk solution, suggesting that ion-pair formation similar to that seen in solution takes place in anion-exchange resins though there is a difference in the absolute values of the equilibrium constant.