To maintain the bioactivity and to improve the mechanical properties of titania, both pure titania ceramics and titania–yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) composites with 5, 10, and 15vol.%Y-TZP were prepared via a sol–gel precipitation method. A titania precursor (titanium butoxide) was mixed with a submicron-sized Y-TZP powder, followed by hydrolysis-condensation reactions, green compact forming, and sintering in air at 1200–1350°C. It was found that the addition of Y-TZP resulted in reduced rutile titania grain size from 13 to 3μm. The Y-TZP tetragonal phase also resulted in improved mechanical properties of the titania–Y-TZP composites. For instance, the titania–15vol.%Y-TZP composite had a hardness value of 983kg/mm 2 , a bending strength of 160MPa, and a fracture toughness of 3.79MPam 0.5 . While the addition of Y-TZP increased the mechanical properties, it also decreased the bioactivity of the composites.