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Larvae of lepidopteran insects commonly become increasingly resistant to baculovirus infections as they age. The mechanism responsible for this developmental resistance is not known, but the phenomenon does not occur if the viral inoculum is administered intrahemacoelically instead of orally, which is the natural route of infection. This observation indicates that the factors mediating developmental...
In an attempt to compare intrinsic and extrinsic genetic diversity of the lyssavirus genotypes, 69 rabies virus isolates from various part of the world were partially sequenced and compared to 13 representative isolates of the 6 lyssavirus genotypes. The analysis of their phylogenetic relationships, performed on the complete nucleoprotein (N) coding gene (1350 bases), established that the rabies virus...
We have previously described avian leukosis virus-based packaging cell lines that express gag, pol, and env proteins from two transcomplementing genomes and produce helper-free stocks of retroviral vectors with different host ranges. In this report, we demonstrated that (i) despite the deletion of the psi packaging sequence, the packaging-defective transcomplementing retroviral transcripts were packaged...
T-cell lines chronically infected with laboratory adapted, T-cell tropic HIV-1 strains (RF, LAI, CBL-4, and NY5) induced syncytia after cocultivation with primary macrophages. Such fusion-competent strains, however, replicated inefficiently after cell-free infection of macrophage cultures. Evidence based on proviral DNA synthesis, pseudotype penetration, and a V3 loop mutation revealed that cell-free...
Coronavirus gene expression involves proteolytic processing of the mRNA 1-encoded polyproteins by viral and cellular proteinases. Recently, we have demonstrated that an ORF 1b-encoded 100-kDa protein is proteolytically cleaved from the 1a/1b fusion polyprotein by a viral-specific proteinase of the picornavirus 3C proteinase group (3C-like proteinase). In this report, the 3C-like proteinase has been...
Coronavirus infection of mice has been used extensively as a model for the study of acute encephalitis and chronic demyelination. To examine the evolution of coronavirus RNA during chronic demyelinating infection, we isolated RNA from intracerebrally inoculated mice at 4, 6, 8, 13, 20, and 42 days postinfection and used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification methods (RT-PCR)...
In previous studies we showed that human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) may produce novel proteins encoded in the X region. To investigate a possible correlation between expression of viral genes and different biologic properties of HTLV-I and HTLV-II, we analyzed expression of HTLV-II in the chronically infected cell line MoT. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses...
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) promotes virion entry into cells by fusing the virion envelope with the cellular membrane. We recently reported that UB cells (U373 glioblastoma cells constructed to produce HCMV gB constitutively) form multinucleate syncytia that are dependent on the density of gB in the plasma membrane. In this report, we describe the properties of a clonal cell line,...
The promotion of membrane fusion by the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins requires that they be derived from homologous viruses, suggesting the possibility that the promotion of fusion requires a virus-specific communication between the two glycoprotein spikes. We have evaluated the ability of chimeric HN proteins, composed of domains from the HN proteins of two...
A recombinant thymidine kinase (TK) gene deletion mutant of channel catfish herpesvirus (CCV) was constructed and compared to the parent virus for replicative ability in cell culture, for the ability to infect, replicate, and cause lethal disease in the channel catfish host, and for the ability to induce protective immunity in channel catfish fingerlings. There was no difference between parent CCV...
Human Jurkat T-cell clones containing stably integrated HIV-1 LTR or HTLV-1 LTR/lacZ vectors were studied to compare the responses of integrated LTRs to T-cell activation. Responses were compared also with those obtained in parallel with Jurkat cells stably expressing lacZ under the control of the cellular enhancer element NF-AT of the IL-2 promoter. Activation induced via the cell surface TCR/CD3...
Current vaccines for the avian respiratory disease infectious laryngotracheitis consist of naturally attenuated strains of the causative agent—the herpesvirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Due to the dissemination of these viruses from vaccinated chickens as well as their possible reversion to more pathogenic forms, the use of genetically engineered viral vaccines lacking virulence factors...
Transcriptional activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the viral Tat protein requires the interaction of a cellular cofactor with the Tat activation domain. This domain has been shown to consist of the cysteine-rich and core motifs of HIV-1 Tat and is functionally conserved in the distantly related Tat proteins of HIV-2 and EIAV. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified a novel human...
We compared early viral pathogenesis and dose mortality relationships for larvae of two highly susceptible hosts, Trichoplusia ni and Heliothis virescens, using a construct of AcMNPV containing the lacZ reporter gene. Larvae were inoculated either as newly molted fourth instars (40) or 15 hr after the molt (415). In 40-inoculated larvae, first lacZ expression was detected in the midgut epithelium...
A recombinant plasmid containing the Choristoneura fumiferana multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) HindIII R fragment (m.u. 2.2-3.9) was shown to undergo CfMNPV infection-dependent DNA replication in Cf-124T cells. Replication of this DNA sequence was detectable by 24 hr p.i. and did not appear to have resulted as a consequence of recombination with the virus genome. Replication was...
Ovine adenovirus OAV287 was previously isolated from sheep in Western Australia. As a first step in characterizing the genome of this virus we have determined the sequence of its genome between map units 65 and 81. This region was expected to contain the nonessential E3 region which, in other adenoviruses, lies between the genes encoding the pVIII and fiber proteins, although its size and complexity...
We have previously reported the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in experimentally FIV-infected cats. However, the fine specificity of the CTL and the role of individual FIV proteins in inducing FIV-specific CTL responses remain unknown. In this study, we examined the in vitro induction and activity...
The complete nucleotide sequence of genomic RNA (14104 nt) of one strain of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), LDV-P, is reported. It exhibits only about 80% nucleotide identity with the sequence reported for another LDV strain, LDV-C (Godeny et al., Virology 194, 585-596 (1993), and is 68 nucleotides shorter than the reported LDV-C sequence. The difference in length is largely due to the...
The location of the Choristoneura fumiferana baculovirus DNA polymerase gene was determined by hybridization analysis using a probe prepared from the previously identified polymerase gene from the Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the Choristoneura fumiferana baculovirus DNA polymerase gene consists of 2970 base pairs encoding 990 amino...
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