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Most alphaviruses are mosquito-borne and exhibit a broad host range, infecting many different vertebrates including birds, rodents, equids, and humans. Occasionally, alphaviruses can spill over into the human population and cause disease characterized by debilitating arthralgia or fatal encephalitis. Recently, a unique alphavirus, Eilat virus (EILV), was described that readily infects mosquito but...
Following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, surveillance activities have been accelerated globally to monitor the emergence of novel reassortant viruses. However, the mechanism by which influenza A viruses of swine (IAV-S) acquire novel gene constellations through reassortment events in natural settings remains poorly understood. To explore the mechanism, we collected 785 nasal swabs from pigs in a farm in...
The primary site for life-long latency of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is sensory neurons. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency; however the mechanism by which corticosteroids mediate reactivation is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that dexamethasone stimulates productive infection, in part, because the BHV-1 genome contains...
The multi-domain non-structural protein 3 of SARS-coronavirus is a component of the viral replication/transcription complex (RTC). Among other domains, it contains three sequentially arranged macrodomains: the X domain and subdomains SUD-N as well as SUD-M within the “SARS-unique domain”. The X domain was proposed to be an ADP-ribose-1”-phosphatase or a poly(ADP-ribose)-binding protein, whereas SUD-NM...
Virological factors associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R), following chemotherapy for cancer in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients, are not well known.HBV strains from 16 patients presenting HBV-R following chemotherapy were studied and compared to those obtained from 51 HBV chronically-infected patients.HBsAg variability was significantly increased within the major...
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