Virology
Two adenovinus isolates from urine, Ad35p (from a bone marrow recipient) and Ad34a (from a hemorrhagic cystitis patient), were compared regarding their fiber gene organization and hemagglutinating capacity. The fiber serves as the ligand between the virus capsid and the host cell receptor. The Ad35p fiber gene encoded a 323-amino-acid protein, and the Ad34a fiber gene a 325 amino acid protein. The...
The replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in mononuclear phagocytes (blood monocytes, tissue macrophages,and dendritic cells) is an important feature of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Although most primary HIV-1 isolates are able to productively infect monocytes, some reports suggest that rates of viral DNA synthesis and virus replication are reduced in HIV-1-infected monocytes as compared to infected...
Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) protein is mediated by the virus Fp promoter in Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This promoter is silent in latently infected B lymphoblastoid and most Burkitt lymphoma-derived cell lines in vitro, which utilize separate promoters approximately 50 kb upstream of Fp to express EBNA proteins. Fp-mediated activation of EBNA-1...
Each of the two stem-loop structures in the HIV-2 TAR (TAR-2) RNA element contains a dinucleotide bulge that specifiesa binding site in vitro for the HIV-2 Tat transactivator protein. A TAR-2 RNA with both bulges deleted is very weakly transactivated in vivo by the HIV-2 Tat protein. To gain insight into general features of Tat protein:TAR RNA interactions, we have analyzed the significance of the...
The complete sequence of the 2315 nucleotides in RNA 3 of potato mop-top furovirus (PMTV) isolate T was obtained by analysis of cDNA clones and by direct RNA sequencing. The sequence contains an open reading frame for the coat protein (20K) terminated by an amber codon, followed by an in-phase coding region for an additional 47K. PMTV therefore resembles soil-borne wheat mosaic (SBWMV) and beet necrotic...
Overlapping fragments of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein (gD) ORF were expressed as trpE-gD fusionproteins in Escherichia coli to map linear neutralizing epitopes defined by BHV-1-specific MAbs. The MAbs 3402 and R54 reacted with the expressed fragments on Western blots that located the epitopes between the amino acids 52–126 and 165–216, respectively, of gD. Bovine covalescent sera...
MxA is a GTPase encoded by an interferon-inducible human gene. Its constitutive expression renders transfected mammaliancells resistant to infections with several different RNA viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Differences in viral RNA levels of VSV-infected cells either expressing or lacking MxA indicated that VSV mRNA synthesis is the principal target of MxA action. We now used...
To understand how different cell types might influence the generation of viral variants, we have examined the differences in the viral life cycle of the HIV-1 isolate, NL4-3, in the human promyelocytic cell line, HL-60, and the human T cell line, H9. NL4-3 harvested from H9 cells productively infected and was cytopathic to H9 and HL-60 cells. However, the cytopathic effect was delayed in HL-60 cells...
A naturally occurring antisense RNA, transcribed in the opposite direction and complementary to the envelope transcript,was identified in various cell lines chronically infected with HIV-1. In T cells, the antisense transcript is constitutively expressed and enhanced by activation with phorbol myristate acetate. The open reading frame corresponding to the antisense transcript, when expressed in vitro,...
We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the single-stranded RNA phage PP7 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.There are three open reading frames which code for apparent protein homologues of the single-stranded RNA coliphages, i.e., maturation protein, coat protein, and replicase. A fourth overlapping reading frame exists that probably encodes a lysis protein, similar to what has been found in the...
Analysis of a limited number of laboratory strains of rabies virus had demonstrated the presence of a genome region bounded by two transcription termination and polyadenylation-like (TTP) signals (approximately 400 to 450 nucleotides apart) which was located between the end of the glycoprotein (G) coding sequence and the beginning of the L polymerase coding sequence. Although this region had been...
Following infection, many secreted poxvirus proteins are able to modulate the host immune response through interactions with cytokines or components of the complement pathway. A comparison of the secreted protein profiles from cells infected with vaccinia Western Reserve (VV-WR), cowpox virus Brighton strain, or rabbitpox virus (RPV) showed an abundant 35-kDa protein present only in the supernatants...
Sequence analysis of the genomes of the Leporipoxviruses myxoma virus and Shope fibroma virus (SFV) led to thediscovery of open reading frames homologous to the vaccinia H1L gene encoding a soluble protein phosphatase with dual tyrosine/serine specificity. These viral phosphatase genes were subsequently localized to the myxoma BamHI-I fragment and the SFV BamHI-M fragment, and the resulting encoded...
Infectious defective interfering (DI) particles of the negative-stranded RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) have been recovered from negative-sense transcripts of a plasmid that contains a full-length cDNA derived from the DI-T particle genome. In order to determine the cis-acting sequences necessary for RNA replication, encapsidation, and budding and to approximate the minimal size of RNA...
A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variant with highly reduced susceptibility to Ro 31-8959, an inhibitor of the viral proteinase, has been selected by repeated passage of wild-type virus in CEM cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of the inhibitor. Peptide sequences of the proteinase of selected virus were obtained from proviral DNA. Sequence comparison to wild-type (wt)...
The D satellite RNA (sat RNA) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was previously shown to contain a region of hypervariability around nucleotide 230, in wild-type populations and in cDNA clones and progeny of one such clone (pDsat4) after passage with the subgroup I strain Fny-CMV. This hypervariable region (HVR) consists of a series of consecutive A and/or U residues. We found that variability is also...
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been shown to induce DNA amplification in the host cell genome, which can be suppressedby the adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) rep gene (Heilbronn et al., 1990, J. Virol. 64, 3012–3018). In an attempt to define domains of Rep which are required for this effect a set of expression constructs was generated for Rep mutants with either N-terminal and/or C-terminal truncations,...
The immunodominance of a major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (serotype C; clone C-S8c1) ina natural host has been evaluated by serum immunoglobulin fractionation. Nineteen sera from either convalescent or vaccinated swine were fractionated by affinity chromatography using a synthetic peptide representing antigenic site A (the G-H loop of capsid protein VP1) coupled to a Sepharose...