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Subunit vaccines that use the vaccinia virus extracellular envelope protein A33R alone or combined with other structural proteins are excellent candidates for a new smallpox vaccine. Since a new smallpox vaccine would be used in humans, who are the natural hosts for the Orthopoxvirus variola, the agent of smallpox, it would be important to determine whether a prospective smallpox vaccine can protect...
Natural Killer (NK) cells have been implicated in the response to poxviruses, but the interaction between NK and infected cells is not well characterized. We show that downregulation of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules in human cells by vaccinia virus (VV) sensitizes the cells to lysis by NK cells. We provide evidence suggesting that NK cells are infected as a consequence...
Prior efforts demonstrated that RNA oligonucleotides containing the transcription termination signal UUUUUNU stimulate premature termination of vaccinia virus early gene transcription, in vitro. This observation suggests that viral transcription termination may be an attractive target for the development of anti-poxvirus agents. Since short RNA molecules are readily susceptible to nuclease digestion,...
SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has recently been identified as the causative agent of SARS. We constructed a series of recombinant DIs (rDIs), a highly attenuated vaccinia strain, expressing a gene encoding four structural proteins (E, M, N and S) of SARS-CoV individually or simultaneously. These rDIs elicited SARS-CoV-specific serum IgG antibody and T-cell responses in vaccinated mice following intranasal...
Vaccinia virus (VV) K1L is a host-range gene and encodes a protein comprised of six ankyrin repeats (ANKs). We showed here that a large portion of the K1L protein, except ankyrin repeat 1 (ANK1) and C-terminal halves of ANK2 and ANK3, can be deleted or substituted with an unrelated ANK with no adverse effect on VV replication in human HeLa cells. In contrast, only ANK4 and ANK6 can be mutated without...
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