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Influenza A virus causes seasonal epidemics, sporadic pandemics and is a significant global health burden. Influenza virus is an enveloped virus that contains a segmented negative strand RNA genome. Assembly and budding of progeny influenza virions is a complex, multi-step process that occurs in lipid raft domains on the apical membrane of infected cells. The viral proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and...
Although H5N1 influenza viruses have been responsible for hundreds of human infections, these avian influenza viruses have not fully adapted to the human host. The lack of sustained transmission in humans may be due, in part, to their avian-like receptor preference. Here, we have introduced receptor binding domain mutations within the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of two H5N1 viruses and evaluated changes...
Influenza virus mRNAs contain a 5′-cap structure followed by short cell-derived heterogeneous oligonucleotides and they are polyadenylated. However, selective translation of viral mRNAs occurs upon infection. Thus, we have studied whether differential requirements for the eIF4F components on viral and cellular translation could mediate this selectivity. We have previously reported that influenza virus...
We have studied the occurrence of hBoV, hMPV and InfA-B in an Apulian population with respiratory tract infections. During influenza season 2008–2009, 116 oropharingeal swabs were collected from patients affected by Influenza-Like Illness (ILI). The PCR products of hMPV M and HBoV NP-1 genes were sequenced. 78 out of 116 samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus; hBoV was detected in...
Previously we showed that the cellular protein P58 IPK contributes to viral protein synthesis by decreasing the activity of the anti-viral protein, PKR. Here, we constructed a mathematical model to examine the P58 IPK pathway and investigated temporal behavior of this biological system. We find that influenza virus infection results in the rapid activation of P58 IPK which...
Tetherin (ST2/CD317) is a cellular protein that restricts the release from cells of some enveloped viruses including HIV-1. To examine if influenza virus is affected by tetherin, MDCK cells constitutively expressing human tetherin and control MDCK cells were infected with influenza virus. No difference was observed in infectious titers, at 24h or 48h post-infection. In contrast, tetherin expression...
The inhibitors of HIV-1 protease (PIs) have been designed to block the activity of the viral aspartyl-protease. However, it is now accepted that this family of inhibitors can also affect the activity of cell proteases. Since the replication of many virus species requires the activity of host cell proteases, investigating the effects of PIs on the life cycle of viruses other than HIV would be of interest...
Swine influenza virus (SwIV) causes sub-acute or acute respiratory infections on swine farms and pigs can act as “mixing vessels” for new influenza strains. Knowledge of the immune response of SwIV in its natural host, pigs, is very limited. Dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the induction of immunity to pathogens, but their interaction with SwIV has not been fully characterized. Thus, porcine bone marrow...
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