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Individuals with HIV-1 infection are at increased risk for cardiovascular events, and lipodystrophy is generally associated with pro-atherogenic metabolic disturbances. We conducted a case–control study to assess the presence of sub-clinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients with or without lipodystrophy (LD) and to evaluate the influence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) on the...
Since liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is known to improve by pretreatment with recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF), we investigated the mechanism by evaluating the distribution and activity of sinusoidal NK cells. F344 rats were treated with rhG-CSF (250μg/kg/day) for 5 days before PHx. Pretreatment with rhG-CSF improved the serum ALT levels and DNA biosynthesis of the remnant liver...
Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine and ablation of IL-10 exacerbates Th1-type autoimmune diseases. Even though type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice is believed to be Th1-mediated, the incidence and severity of T1D is unaltered in IL-10-deficient NOD mice raised under pathogen-free conditions. We describe for the first time, the outcome of IL-10 deficiency on islet and other organ-specific...
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types including cardiac myocytes. Sphingosine/ceramide and nitric oxide have been associated with apoptosis induced by TNF-α; however, signaling mechanisms of TNF-α-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes are not well defined. This study examined whether alterations in mitochondrial integrity are involved in TNF-α-induced...
The possibility that islets play a role in graft rejection during islet transplantation for type-1 diabetes patients holds promise for ex vivo islet manipulation and for specific anti-rejection therapy. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a T cell growth factor and chemoattractant that is expressed by non-T cells. Intragraft expression of IL-15 is elevated during acute rejection in patients and in mice, and systemic...
Previous studies have shown that compounds released during milk fermentation by Lactobacillus helveticus are implicated in the antitumour effect of this product. Here the effects of the consumption, during 2 or 7 days, of kefir or kefir cell-free fraction (KF) on the systemic and local immune responses in mammary glands and tumours using a murine hormone-dependent breast cancer model were studied...
Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells has been suggested to contribute to neo-vascularization of ischemic organs. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF may influence the expansion of circulating KDR + cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). KDR + cells...
Cytokines in plasmid form can act as potent adjuvants when co-administered with DNA vaccines, resulting in an enhanced immune response to the DNA-encoded antigen. This is true of interleukin-18 (IL-18), which has been shown to serve as an adjuvant in conjunction with certain DNA vaccines. To determine if the properties of IL-18 could be optimized for use as a DNA vaccine adjuvant, a model of IL-18/IL-18R...
High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant component of mammalian cells that can be released into extracellular milieu actively or by cells that undergo necrosis. Exposure of inflammatory and endothelial cells to HMGB1 leads to the release of cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6. To evaluate the impact of exogenous HMGB1 on viral replication in HIV-1 infected cells, we studied models...
Although administration of androstenediol (a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone) following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) produces beneficial effects on inflammatory cytokines and organ function, it remains unknown whether this metabolite has any salutary effects in preventing alterations in immune cell cytokine production following a combined insult of T-H and sepsis. To examine this, male rats underwent...
No study has evaluated contemporaneously serum CXC and CC chemokines changes in normal ageing. Serum levels of CXCL10 (sCXCL10) (CXC) and CCL2 (sCCL2) (CC) prototype chemokines have been measured in 164 healthy subjects, from 10 to 79 years of age (82 males/82 females). By simple regression analysis, sCXCL10 and sCCL2 were significantly related with increasing age (r=0.32, p<0.001; r=0.31, p<0...
We investigated the effects of polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the natural course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a community-based population in Japan. A total of 460 anti-HCV antibody seropositive individuals were classified into two groups, those who were positive or negative for HCV RNA. In HCV RNA-positive individuals with at least four annual...
A role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammation-related cancers has been suggested, but mechanisms are not defined. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of HeLa cells with TNFα increases chromosomal aberration. In contrast, IL-1β did not increase, but rather decreased chromosomal aberration. TNFα and IL-1β increased the production of H 2 O 2 to similar levels in cells, suggesting...
In this work we studied the biological activities of recombinant IL-1β from the teleosts sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by investigating the effects induced on intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca 2+ ] i ) of spleen leucocytes. Splenocytes were loaded with the Ca 2+ -permeant Fura-2AM, and then stimulated with rIL-1β. The...
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