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The major interleukin 1β (IL-1β) species from human plantar stratum corneum was purified and found to have an N-terminal amino acid sequence homologous to a stretch of the human IL-1β precursor, starting with His115. Whereas SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting revealed only one component in plantar stratum corneum with IL-1β-like immunoreactivity, and with an apparent...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cytokines and retinoic acid in human thyroid cancer cell growth. Cellular proliferation studies of the CGTH W-1 and SW 579 cell lines were performed with various cytokines and all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Cell number was determined by cell counting and incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into DNA. Inhibitory effects of tumour necrosis...
Three representative cytokines interleukin (IL-8), RANTES and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) have a concentration-dependent chemotactic effect on the unicellular Tetrahymena. Maximal effective concentrations of IL-8 (1 ng/ml) and RANTES (75 ng/ml) are in the same range as in mammals, which indicates an evolutionary background of physiological effects elicited. Progeny generations of cells selected...
The systemic inflammatory response toEscherichia coliO157 infection was studied from the profiles of circulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Twelve patients transferred sequentially to our hospital for intensive care with acute illness due toEscherichia coliO157 infection and the possible form of haemolytic uraemic syndrome were included in this study. Increased circulating concentrations...
Interferons (IFNs) have been reported to have pleiotrophic effects including the ability to induce the production of other cytokines in several cell types. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine known to be produced by a variety of cells including human keratinocytes. In the present study, we sought to determine the effects of IFNs on TNF-α production from human keratinocytes...
The chicken gene 9E3/CEF4 codes for a 9-kDa protein that belongs to the C–X–C family of chemokines. This gene is stimulated to high levels by thrombin, and is overexpressed in the granulation tissue of wounds, especially in areas of neovascularization, suggesting that it is importantly involved in wound healing. The authors used the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay to examine experimentally the...
The authors evaluated the relationship between hormonal and cytokine responses after surgery. Patients who underwent thoracic oesophagectomy (O group;n=7), pulmonary lobectomy (P group;n=5), modified mastectomy (M group;n=5) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC group;n=7), were randomly selected. Circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers were assayed. Changes in the concentration of the hormones...
Although tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) can stimulate each others activity and induce similar effects on distinct cells, soluble TNF-receptors (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII) and soluble IL-6 receptor, exhibit significant differences in their functional activity.In this study the author investigated the concentrations of sTNF-Rs and sIL-6R in the culture supernatants of PMNs and...
A homogeneous receptor-ligand assay based on fluorescence energy transfer is described. In the assay, recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a monoclonal antibody against the human IL-2 receptor α chain were labelled with a highly fluorescent europium chelate and Cy5, respectively. As a result of a successful receptor–ligand complex formation, these labels are brought into close proximity, which...
Human interleukin 3 receptor (IL-3R) is constitutively expressed on committed haematopoietic stem cells, where it mediates proliferation and differentiation. This receptor is also expressed by monocytes and may induce functional activation. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) have different effects on human monocytes. As IL-3R may be regulated by different cytokines,...
Annexin 1 (Ax 1), a protein whose synthesis and secretion are induced during the inflammatory response, has been proposed as a mediator of the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. To gain insight into a broader role of Ax 1 during the inflammatory response, the authors have investigated how pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] affect...
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