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Type I interferons (IFN) (IFN-α/β) are recognized as both inhibitors and effectors of autoimmune disease. In multiple sclerosis, IFN-β therapy appears beneficial, in part, due to its suppression of autoimmune inflammatory Th cell responses. In contrast, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) triggering of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by autoimmune complexes (autoICs) results in...
Inflammatory processes are implicated in gastric cancer development. In contrast, the role of inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines in established cancer remains to be clarified. We investigated the contribution of IL-17A versus IL-17F-mediated intracellular signalling pathways in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. IL-8 secretion was evaluated by ELISA, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)4Abbreviations:...
Recent evidence from several studies indicated that IL-17-producing Th17 cells can represent the key effector cells in the induction and development of autoimmune disorders. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a commonly used immunosuppressant to treat lots of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we demonstrated that PBMCs and purified CD4 + T cells from healthy individuals and...
Since the discovery of interferons over 50 years ago, efforts to understand the biochemistry, molecular biology and biological activities of cytokines have been intense and rewarding. Although there are several hundred cytokines and receptors currently recognized, they in fact fall into a fairly limited set of subfamilies (reviewed in [Ozaki K, Leonard WJ. Cytokine and cytokine receptor pleiotropy...
The IL-17 cytokine family is composed of six members. IL-17F, discovered in 2001, recently has drawn increasing attention due to its greatest similarity to IL-17, a widely recognized inflammatory cytokine. The genes encoding IL-17 and IL-17F are localized in the same chromosomal region and are co-expressed by CD4+ and γδ T cells. IL-17F can be secreted as homodimers or heterodimers with IL-17. Similar...
Although a notable amount of CCL20 is detectable in the synovial fluid of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), its role in the pathogenesis of RA remains to be determined. IL-1β vigorously induced the production of CCL20 from FLSs of human RA and the production of CCL20 induced by TNF-α was partially attributed to a trace amount of IL-1β induced by TNF-α. Although IL-6 failed to induce CCL20, TNF-α-induced...
Discovery of the T-helper (Th) 17 cell lineage and functions in immune responses of mouse and man prompted us to investigate the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL)-17 in innate resistance to murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Schistosoma mansoni-infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were administered with recombinant TGF-β or mouse monoclonal antibody to TGF-β to evaluate...
Th17 cells are critical in adaptive immunity and autoimmune disease. The polarized development of Th17, Th1 and Th2 cells is dependent on counterregulatory effects on each other. Whereas IFN-γ inhibits Th17 development, the effect of IL-17 in human Th1 development is not known. We report a novel negative regulatory role of IL-17 on IL-12Rβ2 expression associated with reduced IL-12 responsiveness....
Bacterial meningitis has a poor prognosis and neurologic complications. The present study aimed to investigate the cytokine/chemokine network in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with bacterial meningitis and aseptic meningitis. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte...
Syngeneic graft-versus-host disease (SGVHD) develops following lethal irradiation, reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow (BM) and treatment with a 21day course of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA). Clinical symptoms of SGVHD appear 2–3weeks post-CsA with inflammation occurring in the colon and liver. Previously we have demonstrated that CD4 + T cells and a T helper cell...
The interleukin (IL)-1 cyokine family plays a vital role in inflammatory responses during infection and in autoimmune diseases. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 are members of the IL-1 family that require cleavage by caspase-1 in the inflammasome to generate the mature active cytokines. Cells of the innate immune system, including γδ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells...
Focusing on the first 3weeks of life, this study examined the mRNA transcript development of different Th-type cytokines in foals in response to Rhodococcus equi infection in vitro. Results demonstrated the significant up-regulation in expression of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-17, IL-23p19, and TNF-α) in R. equi infection of bronchial alveolar...
In the veterinary field, only limited information is available about interleukin-17A (IL-17), despite the fact that this cytokine plays an important role during pro-inflammatory immune responses and induces the production of chemotactic factors for neutrophils. The aim of this study was to characterize porcine IL-17-producing cells. We tested the cross-reactivity of five anti-human IL-17 monoclonal...
Th17 cells play a crucial role in host immune response. We examined the role of Th17 cells in HIV-1 ‘subtype-C’ infection and report that HIV-1 specific Th17 cells are induced in early infection and slow progressors but are significantly reduced at late stage of infection. There was a further decline in Th17 cells in late stage subjects with gastrointestinal infections. Additionally, we observed expanded...
The overexpression of osteopontin is associated with various inflammatory liver diseases. Interestingly, each of these diseases is also associated with IL-17 expression. Therefore, we sought to determine whether there is any mechanistic link between osteopontin and IL-17. Herein we show that IL-17 and osteopontin levels were significantly increased in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We found that...
Increased interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 levels exist in the gingival tissue of periodontitis patients, but the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-17 and IL-23 production remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 signaling on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-17 and IL-23 production in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). IL-17...
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with many associated co-morbidities including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, psoriatic arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. It has long been known that psoriasis is a T cell-mediate disease and recent findings further demonstrate the important roles of the Th17 and Th22 arms of the immune system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Our understanding...
IL-17 is an inflammatory cytokine associated with anti-microbial host defense and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Obesity is considered to be an inflammatory condition, but how cytokines and fat metabolism are interconnected remains poorly understood. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into adipocytes, which serve as depots for stored fat. Despite the pro-inflammatory properties of IL-17,...
Although LPS tolerance is well-characterized, it remains unknown if it is achieved even with single doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and if it offers protection against lethal bacterial infections. To this end, C57B6 mice were assigned to groups A (sham); B (saline i.p followed after 24h by i.p 30mg/kg LPS); and C (3mg/kg LPS i.p followed after 24h by i.p 30mg/kg LPS). Survival was monitored and...
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a typical autoimmune disease for which the pathogenesis remains unclear. IL-23 and IL-17 are pro-inflammatory cytokines of the “IL-23/IL-17 axis,” which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-23 and IL-17 in the peripheral blood of patients with PBC and its clinical significance. We used...
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