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Chronic inflammation and degradation of connective tissue in the course of periodontitis are maintained by bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which probably act via inflammation mediators, e.g. cytokines. We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromE. coliand mouse recombinant interleukin 1α (mrIL-1) on chondrogenesis, endochondral mineralization, matrix metalloproteinase...
We investigated time-related productions of certain cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) levels became detectable after 2 h and markedly increased over the first 8 h. Thereafter, this level remained at the same level between 10 and 16 h, and them increased again...
It has been reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsiveness of macrophages (Mφs) of C3H/HeJ mice with a mutated Lps gene (Lps d ) is related to high-level expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in response to LPS, causing suppression of NF-κB activation and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. We thus examined the effects of SLPI on the TNF-α production...
Both the role and source of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nasal inflammation were investigated using TNF-α gene deficient (TNF-α -/-) mice and chimeric mice that are TNF-α gene deficient only in bone marrow-derived cells. In the present study, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA expression levels in the...
Previous studies have suggested that heterotrimeric G i proteins, Src tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3 Kinase) are involved in signaling events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leading to pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression. To investigate the involvement of these mediators in Gram-positive bacteria induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, LPS (10ng/ml),...
Pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute significantly to the morbidity of premature infants. IL-6 and IL-8 are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary and cerebral tissue injury. The effect of human immunoglobulin preparations on cytokine production in preterm infants has not been studied. We investigated the influence of immunoglobulin on LPS stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production in cord blood of healthy...
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a key molecule in the lectin pathway of complement activation, and likely of importance in our innate defence against meningococcal infection. We evaluated the role of MBL in cytokine induction by LPS or non-LPS components of Neisseria meningitidis, using a meningococcal mutant deficient for LPS. Binding experiments showed that MBL exhibited low, but significant binding...
IL-6 is a major immunomodulatory cytokine with neuroprotective activity. The absence of interleukin-6 (IL-6) results in increased vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to the neurotoxicant, MPTP, and a compromised reactive microgliosis. To determine how astrogliosis may contribute to nigrostriatal degeneration in IL-6 (−/−) mice, the inflammatory profiles of astrocytes of IL-6 genotype were compared...
There has been considerable interest in the effect of heat shock proteins (HSPs) on the innate immune system. Whether HSPs have any direct effects on the activation of lymphocytes is not clear. Using gene expression array, protein array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we demonstrated that highly purified recombinant murine Hsp60 (rmHsp60), essentially free of lipopolysaccharide contamination,...
The pathophysiology of asthma is influenced by exposure to allergens and endotoxin. Although the role of allergen-induced eosinophilia has been widely studied, neutrophil-mediated responses remain elusive. A role for neutrophils in the asthmatic responses is likely since human neutrophils have been shown to express IgE receptors, as well as receptors for many cytokines and chemokines implicated in...
Suramin is a symmetrical polysulfonated naphthylamine derivative of urea. There have been few studies on the effect of suramin on cytokines. We examined the effects of suramin on production of inflammatory cytokines.We made an acute liver injury model treated with d-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Plasma AST, ALT, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were...
Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 are T-helper 2 cell derived cytokines, which are known to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The biologically related IL-4 and IL-13 have an impact on the development of atopic inflammation, whereas IL-10 is mostly supposed to be involved in fibrotic disorders or inflammatory bowel disease. Their influence on the pathogenesis of severe lung...
Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated nuclear factor (NF)-κβ and cytokine production in vitro and in rats, and improved survival in LPS challenged Swiss albino mice. We investigated whether increased survival with parthenolide was associated directly with inhibition of NF-κβ and cytokines in LPS challenged C57BL/6J mice. In RAW 264.7 cells, parthenolide...
N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid secreted by human adipocytes that possesses numerous anti-inflammatory properties. Human adipose tissue can be subjected to modulation of its inflammatory state by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we demonstrate that LPS increases the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by human mature adipocytes via activation of the NFκB pathway. This effect is not...
Aldose reductase (AR; AKR1B1) a member of aldo-keto reductase super family, that we had shown earlier mediates cytotoxic signals induced by high glucose, cytokines and growth factors, also mediates the inflammatory signals induced by Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inhibition of AR by three distinct AR inhibitors sorbinil, tolrestat or zopolrestat suppressed the LPS-induced...
Chronic heart failure (CHF) may be considered a state of immune activation and persistent inflammation expressed by increased circulating levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of the study was to investigate the immune status in patients with CHF compared to normal individuals. We measured serum cytokine levels as well as cytokine production after ex vivo LPS stimulation of whole...
C/EBPβ is a member of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein family of transcription factors and has been shown to be a critical transcriptional regulator of various proinflammatory genes, including IL-6 and MCP-1. Serine 64 in the transactivation domain of C/EBPβ has recently been identified as a Ras-induced phosphoacceptor site. The integrity of serine 64 along with threonine 189 is important for the...
Multiple pro-inflammatory mediators contribute to cardiac dysfunction caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rapid TNF-α response is likely involved in the induction of down-stream myocardial depressant factors. Studies by our laboratory and others indicate an important role for ICAM-1 in endotoxemic cardiac dysfunction through leukocyte-independent mechanisms. The purpose of this study...
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus are two major bacterial species implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. P. gingivalis can antagonise the inflammatory response to other periodontal pathogens, a property commonly attributed to its lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of P. gingivalis to antagonise C. rectus induced cytokine stimulation...
The aim of this study was to evaluate in rats, changes in peripheral blood immune cells and mammary tissue after an intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results of the study showed that infusion of LPS induced a rapid migration of neutrophils (PMNs) from the blood to mammary alveoli, increased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha...
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