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Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-18 act synergistically to stimulate interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production; moreover, IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may also augment IFN-γ synthesis. We have investigated the relative contributions of these cytokines in the production of IFN-γ and TNF by the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis, using the specific cytokine inhibitors IL-18 binding protein...
The interaction between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 12 (IL-12), interleukin 18 (IL-18) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in malaria pathogenesis and outcome, modulating the immunoresponse in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In our previous studies, we analyzed the plasmatic levels of IL-12, IL-18 and TGF-β in 105 African children with different...
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a newly identified cytokine with proinflammatory activity. Numerous studies have shown that proinflammatory cytokines may regulate endothelial cells (EC) apoptosis mediated by members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, such as TNF-α and Fas. In this study we hypothesized that IL-18 may regulate the susceptibility of liver endothelial cells (LEC) to apoptosis induced...
We have previously demonstrated that oral administration of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) markedly inhibits lung metastatic colony formation, and that this inhibition was possibly due to the activation of T and NK cells. Furthermore, we found that interleukin-18 (IL-18) is induced in epithelial cells of the small intestine by bLF. The present study was undertaken to confirm cytokine production in response...
T helper type 1 (Th1) responses have been implicated in the protective immunity, pathophysiology and development of tuberculosis. However, it is still unclear which molecule(s) reflect disease activity in patients with tuberculosis.By specific enzyme immunoassays, circulating interferon-γ. (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18 and osteopontin (OPN) were measured in 47 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis...
Objectives: There is growing evidence suggesting that IL-18 levels may affect individual to virus-associated neoplasia and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the gene may influence its production. In this study we wanted to know whether IL-18 polymorphisms at positions −607 C/A and −137 G/A are associated with susceptibility and/or are markers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis...
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major bacterial species implicated in chornic periodontitis, a disease characterized by inflammatory destruction of the tooth supporting tissues. Its main virulence factors are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gingipains, a group of cysteine proteinases. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine with structural similarities to IL-1β. This study aimed to investigate...
Background: There are a lack of data on the associations of circulating levels of TNFα and IL-18 with myocardial infarction (MI), and on the extent of confounding by classical and inflammatory risk markers. Methods: We measured TNFα and IL-18 in plasma from 446 MI cases and 477 age- and sex-matched controls from North Glasgow. Results: TNFα and IL-18 were elevated in cases compared to controls (TNFα...
Fibroblasts are the primary cell type responsible for synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the heart. A number of factors including growth factors, hormones and mechanical forces have been identified that modulate the production of extracellular matrix by cardiac fibroblasts. Inflammatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines also impact fibrosis of the heart...
It seems that IL-18 has a crucial role in immunity against Brucella infection. Since the expression of IL-18 can be affected by polymorphisms in its gene, we decided to investigate any probable relationship between the six different IL-18 gene polymorphisms and brucellosis. A total of 193 patients with brucellosis and 83 healthy farmers who consumed contaminated raw milk and dairy products from the...
IL-18 is hypothesized to destabilise atherosclerotic plaques, leading to thrombotic events and epidemiologic studies suggest that IL-18 may increase risk of CHD or CVD.We examined prospective associations between levels of serum IL-18 and new CHD and stroke events in older men and women from a general population.A case-control study was nested within a prospective cohort of men and women aged 60–79years...
To assess the serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 levels in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA) and to identify the clinical features of patient subsets with different cytokine profiles, we analyzed the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-18 in patients with s-JIA and compared them with the clinical features of s-JIA. Eighteen patients were analyzed. IL-6 and IL-18 levels were quantified...
Statin therapy is known to down-regulate inflammatory activities in atheromatous tissues of animals. The aims of this study were to examine the regulatory role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the connexin 43 (Cx43) and the proliferation of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as well as to elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanism of simvastatin. Vytorin therapy significantly alleviated high-cholesterol...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared to the general population. Evidence suggests inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of CVD in CKD and inflammatory bio-markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-atherogenic cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-6, IL-12 and IL-18 are associated with CVD-related outcomes in the general...
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by increased vulnerability to Epstein–Barr virus infection. XLP type 1 is caused by mutations in SH2D1A, whereas X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) encoded by XIAP/BIRC4 is mutated in XLP type 2. In XIAP deficiency, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) occurs more frequently and recurrence is common...
Circulating levels of leptin are elevated in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and leptin plays a role in immune responses. Elevated circulating IL-18 levels are associated with clinical complications of T2DM. IL-18 regulates cytokine secretion and the function of a number of immune cells including T-cells, neutrophils and macrophages and as such has a key role in immunity and inflammation. Pro-inflammatory...
CD4 + T cell polarization plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergy. How to modulate the skewed CD4 + T cell polarization is less clear. The specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific remedy for the treatment of allergic diseases; the therapeutic effect is to be improved.This study aims to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-18 in enhancing the therapeutic effect...
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by immature dendritic cell proliferation, infiltration of LCH lesions by various inflammatory cells, and a lesional cytokine storm. It is classified into three groups on the basis of disease extent, namely, multisystem with risk-organ involvement (MS+), multisystem without risk-organ involvement (MS−), and single-system (SS) disease. We comprehensively...
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