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The authors have recently shown that direct contact with primary porcine microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (PMVECs) in combination with haematopoietic growth factors enhances the expansion of primitive human haematopoietic CD34+bone marrow progenitor cells. It is now demonstrated that serum-free conditioned medium (PMVEC CM, concentrated 70× for proteins >30 kDa) from untreated PMVECs contains...
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a newly identified cytokine with proinflammatory activity. Numerous studies have shown that proinflammatory cytokines may regulate endothelial cells (EC) apoptosis mediated by members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, such as TNF-α and Fas. In this study we hypothesized that IL-18 may regulate the susceptibility of liver endothelial cells (LEC) to apoptosis induced...
Growth related oncogene protein-α (GRO-α) is a member of C-X-C chemokine and plays an important role in inflammatory responses. Expression of GRO gene family is regulated by a number of factors at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In the present study, we have addressed the possible regulation of GRO-α expression by ubiquitin-proteasome system. Cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial...
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is reported to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on the chronic activation of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro by cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, the effects of TGF-β1 on acute inflammatory responses of ECs in vitro (e.g. to thrombin) have not been characterised. Pretreatment with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) effectively inhibited...
A number of chemokines induce angiogenesis and endothelial cells express several chemokine receptors. To date, only a limited number of CC chemokines for CCR1 have been reported to induce angiogenic responses. We investigated the ability of CCL23 (also known as MPIF-1, MIP-3, or CKβ8) to promote angiogenesis, which induces chemotaxis of immune cells through CCR1. CCL23 promoted the chemotactic migration...
There is evidence that severe dengue disease is associated with alterations of the microvascular endothelium. We examined the hypothesis that activation and damage of microvascular endothelial cells (EC) could be induced by inflammatory mediators present in dengue patient's sera. We cultured human microvascular EC (HMEC-1) in vitro with sera from patients with acute dengue infection. Sera from patients...
In the current study we used microarray (MA) analysis to examine gene expression changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to the tumor-derived cytokine, endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II). HUVEC treated with EMAP-II for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h, were analyzed using 10K cDNA arrays. Our results demonstrated that changes in gene expression of <0.5 and >2...
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is important in attracting monocytes to sites of inflammation. Besides induction of monocyte recruitment, MCP-1 can also affect chemotactic response of endothelial cells. The molecular mechanisms involved in MCP-1-induced cell migration are poorly understood. In the current investigation, we demonstrate activation of p42/44 ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated...
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of the CXC chemokine family, plays an important role in the modulation of multiple biological functions in endothelial cells containing the receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. It has previously been shown that IL-8 directly enhances endothelial cell survival, and stimulates the production of matrix metalloproteinases, which in turn regulates angiogenesis. However, its role in...
Blood vessel growth is regulated by angiogenic and angiostatic CXC chemokines, and radiation is a vasculogenic stimulus. We investigated the effect of radiation on endothelial cell chemokine signaling, receptor expression, and migration and apoptosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to a single fraction of 0, 5, or 20Gy of ionizing radiation (IR). All vasculogenic chemokines (CXCL1–3/5–8)...
Although there is evidence suggesting that statins may exert an endothelial protecting effect, recent in vitro data have shown that these compounds may induce endothelial cells (EC) apoptosis. We previously reported that the Fas-death receptor may induce apoptosis of the liver sinusoid endothelial cells (LSEC), and that TNF-α increases the susceptibility of these cells to suffer Fas-mediated apoptosis...
Propofol anesthesia and sedation are known to downregulate the functions of many hematopoietic cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, in vivo. However, the effects of propofol on secretion of the regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in vivo are unknown. In this study, the effects of propofol on TGF-β1 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, umbilical vein...
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine associated with the atherosclerotic process and atherosclerotic plaque stability. MIF was shown to be highly expressed in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Neutralizing MIF with a blocking antibody induced a regression of established atherosclerotic lesions.In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the proangiogenic...
IFN-α proteins have been described to originate from 14 individual genes and allelic variants. However, the exceptional diversity of IFN-α and its functional impact are still poorly understood. To characterize the biological activity of IFN-α subtypes in relation to the cellular background, we investigated the effect of IFN-α treatment in primary fibroblasts and endothelial cells of vascular or lymphatic...
Dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause mild dengue fever or severe dengue hemorrhage fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Serum levels of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have been shown to be correlated with severity and mortality in DENV patients, but the pathogenic roles of MIF in DHF/DSS are still unclear. Increase in vascular permeability is an important hallmark of DHF/DSS...
Small direct current (DC) electric fields direct some important angiogenic responses of vascular endothelial cells. Those responses indicate promising use of electric fields to modulate angiogenesis. We sought to determine the regulation of electric fields on transcription and expression of a serial of import angiogenic factors by endothelial cells themselves.Using semi-quantitative PCR and ELISA...
Heparins, including unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), are glycosaminoglycans that are largely used as anti-thrombotic drugs. While the mechanisms of their anticoagulant actions in blood have been extensively studied, their effects on the inflammation of the endothelium are still under investigation since the endothelium plays a central role in sepsis. Furthermore,...
Neovastat® is a standardized extract of marine cartilage, an avascular tissue, which contains many biologically active molecules and has multiple antiangiogenic properties. In addition to VEGFR2 and MMPs inhibition, shark cartilage extract (SCE) has recently been shown to induce tissue plasminogen activator gene (PLAT) expression in bovine endothelial cells in a TNF like manner, by inducing the typical...
Surgical specimens of vein were obtained from the tertiary venous network and/or saphenous vein from patients (n=20) affected by chronic venous disease (CVD). Into the venous segments, which subsequently were surgically ablated, the following hemodynamic parameters were assessed by echo-color-doppler (ECD): peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, whose combination allowed the calculation of...
Endothelial cells (ECs) play important roles in cutaneous inflammation, in part, by release of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines. Because dermal blood vessels are innervated by sympathetic nerves, the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) and the co-transmitter adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) may regulate expression of EC inflammatory factors. We focused on IL-6 regulation because it has...
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