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Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 have been suggested to be key regulators in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Several of the secretion products of dendritic cells (DC), such as IL-12, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α, are considered to play a role in allergic asthma.This study compares the production of IL-10 and IL-12 in allergic asthmatic children (n=17) and controls (n=14) by measuring their extracellular...
In the atopic allergic individual, challenge with allergen elicits manifestations of both the humoral (IgE-mediated or early-phase reaction) and the cell-mediated immune response (late-phase reaction). Detailed study of late-phase cell-mediated events is confounded by the effects of the earlier IgE-mediated response which results in mast cell and basophil activation. Thus the relative contributions...
Until recently, the only controller treatment for chronic asthma has been corticosteroids. However, identification of specific effector molecules in asthma has led to targeting of specific pathways by using cytokines and cytokine inhibitors. Administration of a monoclonal blocking antibody against IgE has been shown to be highly efficacious in severe allergic asthma, but blockade of eosinophils using...
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by reversible bronchial constriction, pulmonary inflammation and airway remodeling. Current standard therapies for asthma provide symptomatic control but fail to target the underlying disease pathology. Furthermore, no therapeutic agent is effective in preventing airway remodeling. Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced mainly...
T1DM and asthma are mediated by opposite arms of the cellular immune system namely T helper (Th)1 and Th2 CD4 + cells, respectively. Our aim was to characterize the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in patients with both T1DM and asthma.Forty-four patients, mean age 19 years were matched by gender and age, to 4 paired groups: T1DM and asthma, asthma only, T1DM only and healthy controls. Peripheral...
Asthma and type I diabetes are major causes of chronic illness in childhood which, according to the current paradigm, have mutually antagonistic immunopathologies. Nonetheless, the disorders appear to preferably coexist both on population and individual levels. To assess whether children with asthma and type I diabetes might have a common immunoregulatory defect. The spontaneous and anti-CD3+ anti-CD28-stimulated...
T cells and T cell derived cytokines are involved in the complex pathogenesis of asthma. The role of the cytokine IL-18 however, is not clearly defined so far. On the one hand side IL-18 induces Th1-type cytokines and thereby might counter-regulate Th2-mediated allergic asthma. On the other hand IL-18 also bears pro-inflammatory effects possibly enhancing experimental asthma. In order to elucidate...
Helminths and their products have a profound immunomodulatory effect upon the inductive and effector phases of inflammatory responses, including allergy. We have demonstrated that PAS-1, a protein isolated from Ascaris suum worms, has an inhibitory effect on lung allergic inflammation due to its ability to down-regulate eosinophilic inflammation, Th2 cytokine release and IgE antibody production. Here,...
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is hypothesized to have an important role in systemic inflammation. We investigated if endogenous H 2 S may be a crucial mediator in airway inflammation and airway remodeling in a rat model of asthma and if endogenous H 2 S may exert its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NO pathway. Cystathionine-γ-lyase...
IL-13 is known to affect many processes that contribute to an asthmatic phenotype, including inflammation, fibrosis, and mucus production. Members of the aquaporin (AQP) family of transmembrane water channels are targets of regulation in models of lung injury and inflammation. Therefore, we examined AQP mRNA and protein expression in allergen and IL-13-induced mouse models of asthma. Lungs from ovalbumin...
Previously, we have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) in rats decreased eosinophil infiltration into the pulmonary tissue (PT) and in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in an experimental model of asthma. Th2 cytokines, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in the asthma inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of EA on these asthma mediators. Male Wistar...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. The mechanism is largely unknown. RSV stimulates airway epithelial cells and resident leukocytes to release cytokines. Cytokines and chemokines involved in host response to RSV infection are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis. In addition, RSV infection...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common causative agent of pneumonia in children. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is any difference in selected cytokine or chemokines response in asthmatic children compared to non-asthmatic children during acute M. pneumoniae pneumonia.Seventy-five children, 6–12years of age, admitted with M. pneumoniae pneumonia were enrolled. Two patient...
Immune and inflammatory responses, mediated by cytokines, play important roles in the pathophysiology of asthma. These responses are associated with over expression of T helper (Th)-2 cytokine, particularly interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, and decreased expression of Th-1 cytokine, IL-2 and IFN-γ. We hypothesized that there would be an imbalance in the levels of circulating IL-4 and IFN-γ in the asthmatic...
Allergic diseases affect more than 25% of the world population and result from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Recent evidence has shown that BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor) could serve as an important marker of allergic disease. Increased levels of BDNF in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and nasal lavage fluid positively correlate with disease activity...
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. Chronic aspiration by gastric fluid in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considered a primary inflammatory factor exacerbating or predisposing patients to asthma. Airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are considered an important component in airway remodeling. To investigate the role of gastric fluid in airway SMC inflammation and airway remodeling,...
Physiological mechanisms associated with interleukin-13 (IL-13), a key cytokine in asthma, in intracellular Ca 2+ signaling in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess effects of IL-13 on Ca 2+ oscillations in response to leukotriene D4 (LTD4) in human cultured ASMCs.LTD4-induced Ca 2+ oscillations in ASMCs pretreated with IL-13...
We have previously described an alternatively spliced isoform of IL-4 mRNA that omits exon 2 and is termed IL-4δ2. However, the natural production of IL-4δ2 protein and its association with disease have not been previously assessed due to unavailability of an antibody that interacts with IL-4δ2 without cross-reactivity with full length IL-4. We used a unique monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts with...
Published data on the association between interleukin-4 (IL-4) rs2243250 (C-589T) polymorphism and asthma susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 17 studies with 3037 asthma patients and 3032 healthy controls were included. Overall, significantly elevated asthma risk was associated with IL-4 T allele when all...
Serum protein analysis for noninvasive quantification of airway inflammation in asthma is a promising research tool in the field of lung diseases. Cytokines are believed to have major role in inflammatory process of the airways of the lung. There is an imbalance between T-helper (Th)-2 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-4 and interleukin (IL)-13, and Th1 cells, which secrete interferon (IFN)-gamma...
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