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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in several infectious and inflammatory lung diseases. Two closely related variants, TNFα and TNFβ, elicit various cellular responses via two distinct TNF receptors, the 55-kDa TNF-R1 and the 75-kDa TNF-R2. Recently, a TNFα-converting enzyme (TACE) was described, which cleaves and releases the membrane-bound TNFα. In the present study in normal rat and...
We compared the biological mechanism of cell death during hepatotoxicity induced by ligation of the Fas receptor in wild-type and liver-specific bcl-2 transgenic mice. Transgenic overexpression of Bcl-2 in mouse hepatocytes can prevent lethal hepatitis induced by agonistic anti-Fas antibodies. In contrast, Fas ligand (FasL)-induced death cannot be overcome in bcl-2 transgenic mice, indicating that...
Glutamine (Gln) supplementation has been shown to decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the human intestinal mucosa. The mechanism of this is poorly understood. We hypothesize that Gln down-regulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in Caco-2 cells by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Caco-2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hypoglycaemia on the production capacity of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in subjects with and without diabetes. Hyperinsulinaemic (360pmolm -2 min -1 ) stepped hypoglycaemic (5.0-3.5-2.5mmoll -1 ) glucose clamps were performed in eight diabetic...
Analyses of cytokines mediating inflammatory reactions are key to understanding the etiopathology of various diseases. This study investigated differences in cytokine gene expression between pulps from healthy virgin teeth and from symptomatic vital teeth with severe caries lesions in a group of young, healthy individuals. The mRNA levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 were measured concomitantly...
This study was performed to evaluate the pre-exposure effects of ultrasound (1MHz or 3MHz) on ConA activated spleenocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Cells were treated for 10min at various intensities, rested for 1h and stimulated with the T cell activator ConA. The cells were then analyzed for the effects of non-thermal ultrasound on cell growth and the presence of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-g...
Recent work with mammalian neural stem cells has highlighted the role of cytokine signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of these multipotent cells. While the responsiveness of neural progenitors to exogenously applied growth factors has been demonstrated in vivo as well as in vitro, little attention has been given to the production of cytokines by these cells. Here we use immunocytochemistry,...
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