A first-principles study, using a linear-response approach based on the pseudopotential method and the generalised gradient approximation, has been made to examine the phonon spectrum of the hydrogen-terminated Si(110)-(1×1) surface. The calculated results compare very well with the results determined from a recent high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy measurement. In particular, the energy locations and polarization characteristics of the HSi bond bending and HSi stretching surface phonon modes have been determined and discussed in detail. The zone-centre splitting of the two HSi stretching surface phonon modes is found to be 2.4meV, which compares very well with the experimental value of 1.9meV.