In an effort to develop alternative anode materials based on mixed conducting ceramics capable of offering high mixed ionic–electronic conductivity, stability to redox cycles, and limited activity for carbon formation to Ni/YSZ cermets, CaMoO 3 ceramics for application as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material were synthesized as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure (pO 2 ). CaMoO 3 perovskite-dominant powders were obtained by reducing the CaMoO 4 showing a structure of orthorhombic unit cells with the following lattice parameters: a=5.45Å, b=5.58Å, and c=7.78Å. The equilibrium total conductivity of CaMoO 3 , measured by DC 4-probe method in 5% H 2 /balance N 2 condition (pO 2 ≈10 −22 atm) at various temperatures, decreased with increasing temperature below 400°C, indicating metallic properties with an activation energy of 0.028eV. Between 400°C and 600°C, the equilibrium total conductivity slightly increased, and finally sharply decreased at 800°C. The Mo metal precipitation during measurement was thermodynamically proved by the predominance diagram for CaMoO 3 . Finally, a fuel cell with CaMoO 3 anode exhibited poor performance with a maximum power density of only 14mW/cm 2 at 900°C, suggesting that further research is needed to enhance the ionic conductivity and thus improve the catalytic properties.