Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric actuators and motors, coupled with recent advances in piezoelectric materials, controls and testing technology, allow accurate and repeatable motion for measurements in the nanometer range. Enabling technologies like active vibration cancellation and active error compensation improve precision positioning and control. Smart PZT actuators that use coded components and intelligent control electronics, or are integrated with sensor and controller allow system autocalibration. New ways to produce piezoceramics that can meet the piezoelectric, dielectric and mechanical properties required by dynamic actuator applications are also available.