Modern methods of contraception are associated with health benefits beyond pregnancy prevention. For some women, these additional benefits influence method choice and continuation rates. Worldwide, the prevention of STIs by male and, to a lesser extent, female barrier methods is the most important non-contraceptive benefit. For individual women, the effect of a number of hormonal contraceptives on menstruation and its side-effects is well recognized. Amenorrhoea is a highly acceptable side-effect of a number of methods, the use of which has led to a reduction in hysterectomy rates in some European countries. The combined pill confers protection from ovarian, endometrial and probably colon cancer, and the public health benefits of this effect may outweigh the increased risk of breast cancer. Improvements in acne and bone mineral density are less well-recognized benefits of combined hormonal contraceptives.