This report is of a patient with intraosseous Schwannoma of the mandible, which is extremely rare and must be cautiously diagnosed. A 45-year-old woman had a radiolucent figure at the right ramus of the mandible. The enucleated tumour consisted of spindle-shaped cells with palisading and collagenous fibres, and demonstrated a clear borderline and encapsulation by a coat. Schwannoma was discriminated from neurofibroma, leiomyoma, and fibroma using Elastica van Gieson stain, Masson's trichrome stain, and the immunostains anti-S 100 protein antibody, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody, anti-α-SMA antibody, and anti-desmine antibody.