Fertilization and irrigation may substantially increase productivity of forests by increasing stand leaf area index and the efficiency of converting intercepted light into wood biomass. This stand-level growth response is the summation of individual tree responses, and these tree-level responses are often non-linear, resulting from shifting in the intensity of competition and dominance. We examined tree-level responses of aboveground net primary production (ANPP), absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and (light use efficiency) LUE in relation to tree size class to explore how stand-level outcomes depend on shifting patterns among trees. We evaluated the production ecology of a nine-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, 2years after the initiation of treatments: control, irrigation, fertilization and irrigation+fertilization. We measured tree level ANPP, simulated APAR for individual tree crowns using the MAESTRA process-based model and calculated LUE (ANPP/APAR) in relation to tree size to explore the influence of tree dominance on both light capture and light use efficiency. Fertilization and irrigation+fertilization strongly increased both APAR and LUE, in contrast to little effect of irrigation alone. Tree size had a strong influence on APAR and LUE across all treatments; the largest 20% trees showed 3.4 times greater ANPP when compared to the smallest 20% trees, with 66% resulting from higher APAR, and 34% from higher LUE, than the smallest 20% of trees. Fertilization increased the growth of the largest 20% trees 2-fold (8.6kg tree −1 year −1 ), with 29% of the increase resulting from higher APAR (13.7GJ tree −1 year −1 ), and 71% from higher LUE (0.63gMJ −1 ), relative to the largest trees in the control treatment (4.3kg tree −1 year −1 , 11GJ tree −1 year −1 and 0.39gMJ −1 , respectively). Irrigation and fertilization tripled production (13.2kg tree −1 year −1 ) of the largest trees with an even greater proportional contribution from increased LUE (15.1GJ tree −1 year −1 , 85% response contribution; APAR 0.87gMJ −1 , 15% response contribution). Overall, large trees grow faster than smaller trees because of greater light capture, whereas the greater response of large trees to treatments resulted more from increased efficiency of using light.