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The temperature dependence of the solid particle erosion of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using aluminum oxide particles was investigated between the temperatures of −178 and 17°C for a variety of angles of attack using a novel cryogenic abrasive jet machining apparatus. It was found that the most efficient machining of PDMS (volume removed per kinetic energy of erodent) occurred at approximately −178°C,...
To aid in the materials selection for sales gas control valves, the solid particle erosion behavior of 12 metals was investigated using impinging jets of magnetite particles. The erosion rates were measured for two different particle sizes, two different velocities, and six different impingement angles. In most cases, the dependencies of erosion rate on impingement angle were fit to a published semi-empirical...
Solid particles present in high-pressure homogenization processes damage the equipment, especially the orifices. So far the orifices have to be exchanged frequently causing increase of cost and decrease of efficiency. Modifications in orifice geometry or material as well as in the composition of the fluid may help to reduce abrasion. Therefore, a method to quantify wear in a homogenization orifice...
Hydraulic machine materials are routinely tested under laboratory conditions to study the effects of slurry erosion and cavitation erosion. The material removal may occur by either of the modes or by their combined effect. To evaluate the damage in the latter case, where the damage can be severe, there is a need for a suitable test method that combines the two modes. With this objective, a new simple...
Surface evolution models have been used in the past to accurately predict the cross-sectional profile of micro-channels resulting from the abrasive jet micro-machining (AJM) of glass and polymeric substrates. In the present paper, the models are suitably modified and applied for the first time to the AJM of metallic substrates. The dependence of erosion rate on abrasive jet inclination angle was measured...
The damage to materials resulting from the impact of solid particles depends on their velocity, shape and size. In contrast to spherical particles, since granular particles typically are highly irregular in shape, they cannot be idealized by a single two dimensional geometry in numerical models of impact damage. In this work, a methodology was presented for generating realistic particle geometries...
In the accompanying paper (M. Takaffoli, M. Papini, Numerical simulation of solid particle impacts on Al6061-T6 Part I: Three dimensional representation of angular particles), it was demonstrated that realistic 3D models of angular particles could be generated and used with a smoothed particle hydrodynamics model to simulate the damage done to an Al6061-T6 target due to many non-overlapping particle...
In this study, solid particle erosion tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of AISI 304, 316 and 420 stainless steels in relation to this wear process. These materials have several industrial applications such as turbine blades, valves, hard tools, fasteners, piping, storage tanks, water components, food processing equipment, etc. An erosion test rig similar to that shown in ASTM G76-95...
Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are intensively used in aerospace applications due to their good strength to weight ratio. However, when subjected to solid particle erosion, wear rates of CFRP are more than one order of magnitude higher than steel. Protective coatings produced by physical vapour deposition (PVD) can increase the lifetime of CFRP components. In this work magnetron sputtering...
Abrasive jet micro-machining (AJM) uses a high velocity particle jet to erode features in target substrates for a variety of applications, including micro-electro-mechanical and micro-fluidic device fabrication. The roughness of micro-channels for micro-fluidic applications made using AJM can affect fluid flow phenomena such as separation efficiency, electro-osmotic mobility and solute dispersion...
The thickness effect of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) coating on solid particle erosion has been characterized. It was found that thickness affected the particle erosion resistance of TPU coating on a steel substrate. For our experiment, the results of the erosion tests show that the best thickness is around 0.75mm; the thermal effect during the experiment had a significant influence on erosion...
In the present study, slurry and dry erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed WC–CoCr cermet coatings has been studied. The coatings were developed using the powders feedstock having WC grains in conventional and fine structured sizes. The slurry erosion testing was performed using a laboratory made pot-type slurry erosion tester. The dry erosion testing was carried out using air-jet erosion test rig (ASTM...
In the present study, adopting the optimized deposition parameters determined by orthogonal simulations, high-quality boron-doped and undoped composite diamond (BD–UCD) films with uniform thickness are deposited on both the inner hole and conical surfaces of the SiC nozzles used in the spray drying equipment. The erosion behavior of the novel diamond film is firstly evaluated in an air–sand erosion...
This work presents an approach to producing erosion rate equations that takes into account both the effect of particle size and Stokes number on particle trajectories. Erosion is measured on the surface of a cylinder in cross flow, while computational fluid dynamics is used to determine the impact characteristics of particles between 0.5μm and 212μm. Results are combined to produce a predictive equation...
Self-healing performance of a coating subjected to erosion damage is evaluated in this paper. Two self-healing coating systems, an elastomeric material with a two-part poly(dimethyl siloxane) healing chemistry and an epoxy coating with a one-part isocyanate-based healing chemistry. Coatings were microcapsule-based self-healing materials. Both systems were evaluated in a custom-designed particle erosion...
Erosion caused by solid particles entrained in pipelines can lead to serious economic loss and potential safety hazards in the oil and gas industry. Long straight pipe is the most common form of pipeline. In the present work, a probability model for particle erosion in a long straight pipe is proposed to predict the overall penetration rate caused by solid particles by analyzing the random movement...
The cost of erosion attack to the global oil and gas industry has drawn significant attention amongst researchers in recent years. Erosion is a complex phenomenon and in order to recommend ways to mitigate its effect it is essential to have a full understanding of the tribo-mechanisms involved. In the present study erosion tests were conducted on API X42 steel using aluminum oxide as erodent. The...
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond film has extensively applied as the protective coating under hostile and abrasive conditions, the erosion mechanism of which is significantly influenced by the composition and thickness of the film. This paper describes an erosion study, which examines the effects of the film thickness on the erosive wear behavior of the boron-doped diamond (BDD) films deposited...
Erosive wear of four boilers steels: 16Mo3, P265GH, P91 and 304L, was examined using a four-channel centrifugal erosion tester, two types of sands and one type of ash as the erodant, the particle velocities of 10 and 20ms −1 and the impact angles of 30°, 45° and 90°. The erodants varied in terms of abrasivity, which may be explained by their different composition, shape and size. Concerning...
Three-body friction is a system of complex dry particles whose behavior is difficult to predict during sliding contact. To account for the interaction of first-body deformation and third-body rheology in a three-body interface, a multi-scale method based on coupling the finite element method (FEM) and discrete element method (DEM) is used to model the shear process of two parallel plates with solid...
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