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White Etching Layers (WELs) on rails owe their name to the white appearance after etching with Nital. WEL is very often linked with rail defects like Squats and are said to partly consist of martensite, which indicates thermal effects. On this account, temperature simulations on and below the rail surface in the wheel-rail contact zone were done for a given set of parameters. The simulation results...
The white etching layer (WEL) is a bright layer formed on the surface of steel and revealed when the latter is etched with Nital solution (a solution of nitric acid and ethanol). WELs have been observed on rail running bands for more than half a century. They are brittle, about 3 times harder than the traditional rail steel used. Two mechanisms of white etching layer formation are known such as thermal...
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