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The evolving tribological demands of mechanical face sealing applications such as those associated with high-duty fluid seals and gas sealing technology are driving the need for the development of new and novel seal face material solutions. Under conditions where the combination of high pressure and high surface speeds create high levels of PV the seal designer will specify two hard faces, typically...
Friction and wear of ASTM B211 aluminium–AISI 52100 steel contacts have been determined using pin-on-disk tests under variable conditions of normal applied load, sliding speed and temperature, in the presence of a lubricating base oil modified with a 1wt.% proportion of three different liquid crystalline additives. The tribological behavior of the ionic liquid crystal n-dodecylammonium chloride (LC3)...
The wear mechanisms of steel by natural rubber (NR) in water medium were investigated. The surface profile, element constitutions and binding energies of the surfaces for both steel and rubber have been analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Moreover, the functional groups of natural rubber surfaces were examined with Fourier transform...
This study investigates the effect of different metallic fibers upon friction and wear performance of various brake friction couples. Based on a simple experimental formulation, friction materials with different metal fibers (Cu, steel, or Al) were fabricated and then evaluated using a small-scale friction tester. Two different counter disks (gray cast iron and aluminum metal matrix composite (Al-MMC))...
This study is divided into two parts. In the first part, the influence of laser peening on the surface properties of a steel was studied. Investigative observations and comparative tests were effected on 100Cr6 rolling steel, untreated and treated by one and two passes of laser peening. Three principal parameters were analysed: surface morphology, mechanical state (residual stresses and hardness)...
The wear behavior of hot extruded Al–Si–Pb alloys was investigated under dry conditions in a temperature range 25–200°C using a pin-on-disc type wear testing machine. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties can be greatly improved and porosity can be significantly decreased by hot extrusion. These factors contribute to great increase in wear resistance of hot extruded Al–Si–Pb...
Four kinds of coating film applied to the steel substrate of lower disc specimens were tested using the ring-on-disc adapter to simulate dry surface contact. The thermal effect on the tribological behavior was investigated by comparing two pre-test temperatures (28 and 300°C). An analytical approach to the temperature solutions of the lower specimen at the contact area was developed by assuming a...
The ball cratering test was used to study the abrasive wear resistance of a wide variety of coatings against TiO 2 particles. The rutile TiO 2 , used as white pigment, causes mild abrasive wear in mixers, dyes, injection moulds and other components in the paint and plastic processing. The tests yield a clear ranking of the coatings. The abrasive wear due to the rutile particles is...
The most important purpose of total hip arthroplasty is to restore function, relieve pain and obtain stability of the hip joint. The major long term problem in hip replacement surgery is wear of bearing surfaces, the second dislocation of the implant. Besides implant and patient related factors, inappropriate tensional forces due to malposition of acetabular cup, possibly leading to prosthesis impingement,...
An algorithm, referred to as the Defect Removal Method (DRM), is proposed for evaluating the form parameters of surfaces with defects, using three-dimensional (3-D) measurement data. The algorithm excludes data from heavily damaged areas of a surface prior to form fitting using a weighted least squares fit. The nature of the weighting function is varied on the basis of the statistical characteristics...
In this work the wear behaviour of an aluminium alloy reinforced with 25% volume fraction of SiC particles is investigated. The optimum thermal treatment condition, in which the composite material presents the maximum hardening values, was determined. Samples were investigated by pin-on-disc tests at 5N and 0.1ms −1 . The samples were studied by SEM–EDX techniques in order to determine the...
The lubricated rolling–sliding wear of an untreated and ion nitrided Ti–6Al–4V alloy has been investigated. All the tests were carried out under boundary lubrication using commercial SAE 14-W oil. The results show that nitriding improved wear resistance of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. In particular the material nitrided for 24h displayed the best wear resistance because the compound layer was effectively...
The first quantitative analysis of the forward flow in frictionless rolling contact, firstly discovered experimentally by Crook [Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. London 171 (1957) 187], was conducted by Merwin [Plastic deformation of surfaces in rolling, Ph.D. Dissertation, Cambridge University, UK, 1962] who attempted to model the ratchetting phenomenon in excess of shakedown (the cumulative forward flow due...
An extensive study has been performed to investigate the tool-wear mechanisms of CBN cutting tools in finish turning of the following hardened steels: X155CrMoV12 (AISI D2) cold work steel, X38CrMoV5 (AISI H11) hot work steel, 35NiCrMo16 hot work steel and 100Cr6 bearing steel (AISI 52100), treated at 54HRC. A large variation in tool-wear rate has been observed in machining of these steels. The generated...
Material transfer is an important factor in the sliding behaviour of polymers, as it governs the development of friction and wear in the course of time. However, little is known about the first stages of material transfer. Therefore, measurements were performed with polymers sliding onto steel. The first stages of material transfer were studied with a slider-on-sheet apparatus. The results of these...
Three novel ashless triazine–dithiocarbamate derivatives, which are potential environmentally friendly oil additives, were synthesized. Their tribological properties as additives in rapeseed oil (RSO) were evaluated using a four-ball tester. Their anticorrosive properties and thermal stabilities were also investigated. The results indicate that the three novel triazine–dithiocarbamate compounds possess...
Rolling bearings, just like other machine elements, are being required to operate at increasingly higher temperatures, with more extreme contact pressures, in marginal lubrication situations and under various harsh environmental conditions. New, advanced materials are being developed for these conditions, but extensive rolling-contact tests to determine the failure mechanisms and evaluate the performance...
Erosive damage was studied in Si 3 N 4 /BN fibrous monoliths (FMs) and the individual constituents of the cells and cell boundary, monolithic Si 3 N 4 and BN. Unidirectional, 0/90°, and ±45° FMs were tested. Specimens were subjected to impact at 90° by angular SiC particles of average diameter 143μm, traveling at 50–100m/s. Steady-state erosion rates in the FMs were...
A re-interpretation of recent RCF experiments by Clayton and Su (C&S) [Wear 200 (1996) 63] under water lubricated rolling/sliding conditions, with careful measurements of ratchetting strains, and their comparisons with experimentally observed lives, seems to confirm the validity of ratchetting failure (RF) mechanism and Kapoor’s “critical ratchet strain” as a material property. However, the complexity...
The paper discusses the tribological performance of amorphous carbon films deposited on steel substrates with the pre-treatment of carbon ion implantation. Prior to deposition, the steel substrates were implanted with a metal vapour vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source in order to create a carbon composition gradient layer on the surface. Subsequently, non-hydrogenated amorphous carbon films were prepared...
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