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Cemented carbide cutting tools containing a high percentage of cobalt binder (9-13%) are used for rough machining applications involving interruptions, owing to their high fracture toughness. However, these tools are prone to deformation under such conditions. A design approach can be effectively used to develop a coating scheme which optimizes the critical properties of such coatings for improved...
Changes in chemical composition anti fine (at atomic level) structure characteristics of surfaces during the life time of cutting tools were investigated by using AES, SIMS and EELFAS methods. High-speed steels M2 and T15 with coatings incorporating ion nitriding and (Ti, Cr) nitride CAPDP (cathode arc plasma deposition process) were used.It was found that, under the wear conditions studied (such...
Characteristic features of wear in tools made of high-speed steels with surface engineered coatings incorporating ion nitriding and (Ti, Cr) nitride CAPDP (cathode arc plasma deposition process) coatings were investigated at increased cutting speeds in the vicinity of 50–100 m min −1 . The wear kinetics, the change of micro-relief of cutter surface and the depth of the unhardened zone of cutting...
Characteristic features of wear in tools made of high-speed steel (HSS) based deformed compound powder materials (DCPMs) were investigated at cutting. It was shown that HSS-based powder tool materials additionally alloyed by titanium carbides feature an abnormally high wear resistance and could be placed into a new class of self-organizing tool materials. In particular, DCPM-containing titanium carbide...
Diamond coatings were deposited on commercial, cemented tungsten carbide tools of various cobalt content (3%, 6% and 12% Co) by low-pressure microwave CVD to assess the role of cobalt on the quality and adhesion (reliability) of diamond coatings. The samples were characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and low angle X-ray diffraction. Problems associated with the detrimental...
The paper considers some ways to improve surface engineered coatings for cutting tools. These coatings were formed by two stages: diffusion saturation with nitrogen (ion nitriding) and application of the (Ti, Cr)N hard coating by means of the cathode arc plasma deposition process (CAPDP). The coating includes also an additional ion alloyed layer applied to the previously nitrided surface of HSS. Such...
Wear resistant transition metal boride coatings have received comparatively little investigation. In the present work, a series of CrB 2 , Mo 2 B 5 and WB coatings were successfully applied to WC–6wt.%Co cutting tool inserts using unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology. The CrB 2 coatings were fully crystalline and had a {101} preferred orientation, while the Mo...
This paper reports a study on the most significant laboratory characterization tests for the performance assessment of innovative coatings for cutting tools, in order to obtain reliable forecasts over their machining behaviour.Ball-erosion tests, Rockwell C indentation, scratch test, ball-on-disc test at room temperature and at high-temperature, as well as nanoindentation and roughness measurements...
The aim of this work is the development and characterisation of innovative ceramic coatings for cutting tools with high wear resistance properties at high temperatures. This objective arises from the industrial need of reducing machining time and consumption of lubricants, in order to reduce machining costs, environmental impact and health risks for the operators.The use of coatings for cutting tools...
Medium-frequency magnetron sputtered PVD ZrN coatings were deposited on YG6 (WC+6wt% Co) cemented carbide. Microstructural and fundamental properties of the ZrN coatings were examined. Sliding wear tests against hardened steel using the ring-block method and dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with these coated materials. The friction coefficient and wear rates were measured. The...
Coated cemented carbide is a key material for cutting tools and its manufacturing includes pretreatment of the substrate surface before coating deposition. To obtain a durable tool edge, this pretreatment must achieve two objectives: high adhesive strength of the substrate-coating interface and low coating surface roughness to reduce friction with the workpiece and the chips removed during the machining...
This paper deals with tool wear in turning using uncoated carbide tools. The main purpose of this work is to define a FEM-based procedure for forecasting tool wear progression during cutting operations. Deform 3D FEM software was used to simulate the cutting process and a suitable subroutine was implemented into the software in order to evaluate the tool wear and to update the tool geometry. The tool...
This paper evaluates the performance of TiAlN/AlCrN nano-multilayer coated, TiAlN single-layer coated and uncoated carbide tools in low-speed milling of STAVAX (modified 420 stainless steel) under flood and mist lubrication. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis system and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine the tool wear and determine the type of oxide formed on the tool...
The performed experiments revealed that the anti-wear resistance of chromium nitride and chromium carbonitride multilayer coatings obtained by the PVD method was higher than each of the phases separately.The CrN/CrCN coatings were obtained using cathodic arc evaporation. They consisted of seven modules, each approximately 400nm thick, characterised by different thickness ratio of the CrN and CrCN...
This paper describes the wear mechanism and tool life when machining Hastelloy C-22HS with coated carbide. The experiment was conducted using four different cutting tool materials under wet condition – namely, Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coated with TiAlN; TiN/TiCN/TiN; Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) coated with TiN/TiCN/Al 2 O 3 ; and TiN/TiCN/TiN – to study the tool behavior,...
Dry turning tests were carried out on Cr12Mn5Ni4Mo3Al precipitation hardening semi-austenitic stainless steels with two kinds of carbide tools (WC/Co and WC/TiC/Co). The tool wear, the cutting forces, and the cutting temperature were measured. The element diffusion from the Cr12Mn5Ni4Mo3Al stainless steel to carbide tools (vice versa) at temperatures up to 600°C was examined. The morphology of the...
Micro-holes were made on the surface of WC/TiC/Co carbide, MoS 2 solid lubricants were filled into these micro-holes. Reciprocating sliding tests and dry cutting tests were carried out with this carbide tools. Results showed that the friction coefficient of conventional carbide is much higher than that of the carbide embedded with solid lubricants in sliding tests. The cutting forces, temperature,...
In today's oil/gas industry, use of drill bits in harsh drilling conditions is demanding the pursuit of innovated materials for higher performance and efficiency. This paper describes the successful application of indium doping in tungsten carbide particle reinforced Cu-alloy composites (Cu-alloy/WC p ) for PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit body in maximizing wear resistance...
An experimental study was carried out with the intent of establishing the most significant rock properties influencing sawblade wear performance in the processing of ‘true’ granites. To achieve this goal, microstructural characterization of nine different rock samples was made on thin sections using polarized petrographic microscope for the determination of mineral modal composition, grain size distribution...
This paper reports on the optimization of (Ti,Si , Al)N x coatings to improve the performance of coated tools in dry cutting applications. The performance and the wear mechanisms of (Ti,Si , Al)N x tungsten carbide coated tools were investigated. Tool life and tool failure modes were thoroughly examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) complemented with energy...
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