Palynological investigation of three mires near the Antonine Wall in central Scotland reveals considerable insights into human impact on vegetation prior to and during Romano-British times. The radiocarbon-dated pollen diagrams suggest that at Letham Moss, Stirlingshire and Blairbech Bog, Dumbartonshire, substantial woodland clearance took place during the Iron Age. This continued into Romano-British times at Letham Moss, but at Blairbech Bog woodland regeneration occurred. At Fannyside Muir, Cumbernauld, the pollen diagram suggests that some opening of the woodland occurred during the Late Iron Age, followed by more substantial clearance during the Romano-British period. These regional pollen diagrams are compared and discussed in the light of the archaeological record and other pollen diagrams from Central Scotland, particularly those from on-site archaeological deposits which record local vegetation change.