This paper communicates the most relevant new findings on penile and testicular cancer that were presented at the European Association of Urology (EAU), American Urological Association (AUA), and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2006 annual meetings.Data were selected by urologic experts in the field of penile and testicular cancer, and discussed during a closed meeting in September 2006. Selection of data was based on expert experience.Progress is being made with respect to penile-preserving surgery in not only T1 but also T2–4 patients and in the selection of patients suitable for inguinal lymph node dissection (LND). The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to LND in N2–3 penile cancer is getting more established. An important contribution on testicular cancer suggested that the actual role of retroperitoneal LND (RPLND) in stage I non–seminoma germ cell tumour (NSGCT) is becoming marginal compared with chemotherapy. The major conclusion on postchemotherapy residual testicular masses was that a modified nerve-sparing postchemotherapy RPLND is appropriate for many patients with stage II NSGCT but that a full bilateral postchemotherapy RPNLD is mandatory in patients with metastatic NSGCT. Other data showed that patients with a postchemotherapy nodal size >5cm, clinical stage III, and absence of a full postchemotherapy RPLND are at higher risk of relapse following postchemotherapy RPLND and should be closely followed.Despite the rarity of penile and testicular cancer, progress is being made in treatment strategies and risk factors.