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The lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition are constituted of particles rich in triacylglycerols (TAG) called artificial chylomicrons (200-500 nm in diameter; monolayer of phospholipids [PL] enveloping a TAG core) and PL-rich particles called liposomes (diameter inferior to 80 nm; bilayer of PL around an aqueous phase), which represent the excess emulsifier. Introduced into the circulation,...
The nutritional status of a group of 23 renal transplanted patients with a body mass index >27, hyperlipidemia, and stable renal function were studied before and after 6 mo of dietary intervention with the American Heart Association (AHA) Step One pattern. The dietary records showed that the intake of total fat decreased from 42.2 +/- 5.5 to 33.0 +/- 4.2% (P < 0.001) and the intake of saturated...
This review focuses on new developments in the understanding of how oropharyngeal and postingestional stimulation control the ingestive behavior of the rat ingesting liquids. With the development of the computer-controlled lickometer it is now possible to measure and analyze in fine detail the impact these two variables have on the rat's licking behavior. Because variations in this behavior are...
Previous studies have shown enteral nutritional solutions (ENS) contaminated with large numbers of microorganisms from the environment or gastrointestinal (GI) tract of patients have caused respiratory infections, acute and chronic enteritis, and septicemia. The introduction of c losed enteral feeding systems has been used to prevent contaminating organisms from entering enteral...
The intestine is now known to be an important site of protein production in the body, and glutamine (GLN) stimulates both secreted and non-secreted protein synthesis in the small bowel. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GLN-supplemented parenteral nutrition on liver regeneration after hepatectomy. Animals were divided into two groups: a sham-operated control group (Group...
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