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OBJECTIVE: To determine the reference, bivariate, tolerance intervals of the whole-body impedance vector for healthy white neonates, we performed an observational, cross-sectional study in two university hospitals.METHODS: The impedance vector (standard, tetrapolar analysis at 50-kHz frequency) was measured in 163 consecutive subjects (87 boys and 76 girls) with postnatal ages of 1 to 7 d. Bivariate...
Objective: Total serum homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population. Further, homocysteine might be the link between psychological traits (namely anger and hostility) and cardiovascular disease, mediated by stressful events and sympathetic nervous tone.Methods: We measured total plasma homocysteine levels and psychological traits in 205 obese individuals entering...
OBJECTIVES: The results of neonatal surgery in the Western world have rapidly improved over the past three decades. Early nutrition support is thought to be one of the key factors. We used transgastric, transanastomotic feeding jejunostomy tubes in every infant undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery when the expected period of fasting has exceeded 7 d.METHODS: Newborns with duodenal atresia, malrotation,...
OBJECTIVES: A 6 wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of a nutritional supplement beverage containing milk-based micronutrients and fortified with vitamins and minerals on pain symptoms and activity in adults with osteoarthritis.METHODS: Thirty-one subjects with osteoarthritis of both knees were randomized into two groups and given 12 oz daily of the micronutrient-containing...
OBJECTIVES: With the adoption of vigorous child survival strategies, infant and child mortalities in India have declined significantly, even among the poorest, most undernourished segments of the population. Of the surviving infants and children, however, many remain stunted and undernourished. The present study was based on the hypothesis that failure to thrive is the result of damage to the gut...
Glutamine is an important fuel for some cells of the immune system. In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation, or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor has been found...
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the amount and sources of vitamin D in the Japanese diet by analyzing diet records collected over a 4-mo period.METHODS: Dietary data for this study were provided by a nursing home in Niigata, Japan. Diet records, written by the nursing home's dietitian, for 122 consecutive days between September and December 1999, were used. The amount of food for an individual was weighed...
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the severity of type 2 diabetes in urban and rural communities of Uganda and characterized this disease according to sex, obesity, and hypertension.METHODS: A total of 440 subjects was tested for high blood and urine glucose levels with the respective glucometers and sample strips. Body mass index and hypertension were determined by measuring height, weight, and blood pressure...
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between measures and determinants of obesity in African women.METHODS: For a cross-sectional study of adult black women in the North West Province, South Africa, we used a stratified sample of 1040 volunteers from 37 randomly selected sites in the province according to the level of urbanization. We analyzed the association between measures of obesity, namely...
OBJECTIVE: We measured the effect of 3 d of creatine (Cr) supplementation on repeated sprint performance and thigh muscle volume in elite power athletes.METHODS: Ten male (mean +/- standard deviation of body mass and percentage of fat (81.1 +/- 10.5 kg and 9.8 +/- 3.5) and ten female (58.4 +/- 5.3 kg and 15.0 +/- 3.4) athletes were matched for sex and 10-s cycle sprint scores, paired by rank, and...
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of glutamine supplementation on plasma glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and whole-blood glutathione (GSH) concentrations in human volunteers.METHODS: Subjects first adapted to a standard diet with known intakes of protein, total GSH, cysteine, methionine, and total Glu (Glu values include Glu and Gln) for 3 d. Plasma Gln, Glu, and whole-blood GSH levels were...
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