Nutrition
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The present study explored the effect of dietary oils on lipid composition, antioxidant status, and the activity of the main steroidogenic enzymes in the testis.Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10) fed for 60 d on the same basal diet plus different lipid sources as commercial oils: soybean, olive, coconut, or grapeseed. After sacrifice, testicular lipids and fatty...
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of a grape product rich in dietary fiber and natural antioxidants on cardiovascular disease risk factors.A randomized, controlled parallel-group trial was carried out. Thirty-four non-smoking (21 normocholesterolemic and 13 hypercholesterolemic) adults were supplemented for 16 wk with 7.5 g/d of grape antioxidant dietary fiber, a natural product...
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Previous studies have shown that oral and intravenous administrations of garlic provide a significant antiarrhythmic effect and improve defibrillation efficacy. We tested the hypothesis that garlic could decrease the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmia.Twenty-one pigs (25–30 kg) were divided into three groups. In each group, the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and the upper limit of vulnerability...
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We examined the diagnostic difficulty in thiamine deficiency.We report on two patients with polyneuropathy associated with thiamine deficiency (i.e., beriberi neuropathy) that presented with acute motor symptoms mimicking Guillain-Barré syndrome.The cause of the thiamine deficiency was associated with gastrectomy to treat cancer in a 46-y-old man and with dietary imbalance in a 33-y-old man. The thiamine...
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The present study examined the kinetic of plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and gut emptying after sequential ingestion of breakfast and lunch, and the contribution of dietary fat ingested at breakfast to subsequent TAG after lunch.Nine subjects ingested a breakfast (0730 h) and a lunch (1200 h) containing 25 and 44 g of fat, respectively. [1- 13 C] palmitate was added in breakfast only. Plasma...
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a procedure necessitating the administration of high-dose chemoradiotherapy. This therapy may induce aggressive disruptions that can lead to special nutritional and metabolic conditions. These patients are at an increased risk for malnutrition in the phase before transplantation and afterward. Artificial nutrition, total parenteral nutrition in particular,...
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We investigated which abdominal adiposity measurements, waist circumference (WC), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured abdominal fat, and computed tomography (CT)-derived intra-abdominal fat areas (IAF), were the most predictive in identifying metabolic risk factors.Ninety-five Korean women (body mass index 27.5 ± 3.2 kg/m 2 , WC 90.2 ± 6.8 cm, age 42 ± 10.6 y) with abdominal obesity...
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Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease related mainly to insulin resistance, but also to oxidative stress. Uric acid and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels are also associated with MS and oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to assess the role of GGT and uric acid in adult patients with MS and its relation to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense...
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Cell-mediated immune response is superior in females compared to males. Whether sex differences influenced mortality in sepsis while on immune-enhancing nutrients was investigated.Seventy-two non-orchitectomized male and non-oophorectomized female rats (n = 36/group) were randomized into four groups. Rats were fed either an immune-enhancing diet or control diet for five days. Sepsis was induced with...
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Although it is well known that bioavailability of iron in the diet is important, it has not been fully elucidated in practice. We investigated iron intake and iron absorption in the ordinary diet of free-living individuals in relation to iron status and assessed iron requirements.From a total of 1245 adolescent boys and girls included in the Göteborg Adolescence Study of food habits, 28 adolescent...
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We previously reported that a diet high in oxidized frying oil (OFO) is less adipogenic but induces glucose intolerance in rodents, a situation somewhat is similar to that in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)–fed mice. The present study compared the lipid and glucose metabolism effects of dietary OFO and CLA to clarify how the OFO diet compromises glucose tolerance.C57BL/6J mice were divided into four...
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Quercetin, a commonly occurring flavonoid and well known antioxidant, has been suggested to possess other beneficial activities. The present study investigated the possible anti-inflammatory effects of physiologically attainable quercetin concentrations.The effects of quercetin were tested in vitro, i.e., added to blood in the test tube, and ex vivo and in vivo, i.e., in blood taken after 4 wk of...
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We evaluated the role of an interdisciplinary team in improving the nutrient intake and nutritional status of children with heart diseases.Thirty-five children 10.0 ± 7.5 mo old were studied over a 6-mo period with regard to anthropometric measurements and dietary intake.On admission, malnutrition prevalence was 57% and vitamin and mineral intakes were below estimated average requirement levels (dietary...
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Several previous studies have suggested that pathological colonization of the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract may be associated with septic morbidity. However, the prevalence of this in surgical patients is unknown and there is little information on factors that might predispose to this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to assess the preoperative variables that are associated with pathological...
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The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that oral administration with 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (HMB) positively influences bone metabolism and diminishes fundectomy-induced osteopenia of the axial skeleton in pigs. The pig model was chosen because of its recognized physiologic and anatomic similarities of the gastrointestinal tract and skeletal system to those of humans.Eighteen male pigs...
