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Effective reduction of HIV replication by protease inhibitor (PI) treatment was expected to reverse some of the weight loss associated with HIV infection. Body weight changes in undernourished HIV-infected patients starting PI treatment were compared to its virologic and immunologic effects. This was designed as a retrospective study using prospectively collected weight data; the setting was the HIV...
The effects of dietary proteins given as whole proteins (WP) or as a peptide hydrolysate (PH) on growth, nitrogen retention, and small bowel adaptation were assessed using two groups of male Wistar rats. Measurements were made 18, 42, and 66 h after acute inflammation induced by subcutaneous injections of 0.125 mL turpentine and in two control groups (n = 12). The two diets had the same caloric, nitrogen,...
The objective of the study was to determine the value of indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance (N balance) in order to evaluate the current feeding protocols of mechanically ventilated children. The study was designed as a cross-sectional prospective study. In 36 mechanically ventilated children energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, and total urinary nitrogen excretion (TUN)...
The interrelationships among sex hormones, caloric intake, and intermediary metabolism in health and disease are uncertain. Studies in malnourished patients with AIDS and cancer show that megestrol acetate (MA) therapy increases appetite, body weight, and body fat, while it decreases serum testosterone (T) concentration. In this study, the separate and combined effects of MA and T were investigated...
Aging results in a dysregulation of the ability to regulate food intake. In general, this presents as a decrease in food intake accompanied by early satiation. The early satiation appears to be predominantly due to a decrease in adaptive relaxation of the fundus of the stomach resulting in early antral filling. Increased levels and effectiveness of cholecystokinin also play a role in the anorexia...
Nutrition screening identifies individuals who are malnourished or at risk of becoming malnourished and who may benefit from nutrition support. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, reliable and valid malnutrition screening tool that could be used at hospital admission to identify adult acute patients at risk of malnutrition. The sample population included 408 patients admitted to an Australian...
The objective of this study is to evaluate the postpartum body composition changes in lactating versus non-lactating or formula-feeding primiparas during the first 12 wk. Twenty primiparous females (age range 17-35 y) who decided to nurse or formula feed their infant were studied. The non-lactating mothers (n = 6) were younger (21 versus 29 y) and had a lower prepregnancy weight (55 kg versus 63 kg)...
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