A novel water-soluble cystine C 60 derivative was synthesized in the presence of the catalyst, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH). The product was characterized by FT-IR, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the scavenging ability to superoxygen anion radical O 2 − and hydroxyl radical OH was studied by chemiluminescence. It was found that cystine C 60 derivative showed an excellent efficiency in eliminating superoxygen anion radical and hydroxyl radical. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) for superoxygen anion radical and hydroxyl radical were 0.167 and 0.008mg/mL, respectively.