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Hops, the female inflorescences of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) are used in the brewing industry to add bitterness and aroma to beer. This raw material is a rich source of terpenoid essential oils and terpenophenolic resins (bitter acids, prenylated flavonoids). Xanthohumol is the most abundant (80-90%) of total amount of prenylated flavonoids in hop cones (up to 1% w/w). Xanthohumol has received...
Gallic acid belongs to aromatic plant substances (poliphenols). Two main biosynthesis pathways in plants of this compound were described as shikimate and polyketide pathways. Gallic acid is applied in agriculture, where it is used as inhibitor of aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus. Gallic acid is also used in food manufactur, as antioxidant, sweetener or antiseptical and antifungal substance. Furthermore,...
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial proteins or peptides produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Many of these metabolites are active towards closely related species, but some of them are able to inhibit bacteria not related with bacteriocin producer, including food pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes or Clostridium botulinum. The most studied bacteriocins are those produced by...
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