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The author, founder and director of the Institute of Bronislaw Pilsudski's Heritage in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russian Federation, presents the scholarly work and achievements of its patron. Pilsudski, deported to Sakhalin in August 1887 together with other participants of the assassination attempt at tsar Alexander III, stayed in the Russian Far East until November 1905. He collected an abundance of ethnographic...
The article addresses some problems of rural sexual customs in the early modern times. It is based on village court books and other legal and literary sources. From the end of the 16th century, a particular moral code was gradually being applied to the sexual life of peasants as a result of the pastoral work initiated after the Council of Trent in 1545. The role of the traditional system of values...
Until the end of the 18th century cultivated plants - cereals and vegetables and various collected plants were the main source of food of rural population. Cereals were the main food - it was the source of flour and groats, the ingredients necessary to make different meals. Changes in the nutrition habits of rural population started in the second half of the 19th century, when potatoes became commonly...
Moravian Brethren inhabited the borderland between India and Tibet since 1853. Over a century of their presence in this area, the European missionaries triggered cultural changes of different duration. This article describes changes in broadly understood agriculture and cultivation. As part of their activity in the area affected by missionary stations in Kyelong, Lahoul, Poo and Kinnaur, Leh and Ladakh,...
The text is a free peregrination trying to answer some questions on ethnology of today and author's 'place' in it. He makes an attempt at expressing his own position on ethnology. Assuming that ethnology is a science with limits that are difficult to be determined, he believes that it should be also open to other languages of the discourse. Writing about his favourite authors (R. Barthes, J. Cliffiord,...
In the first part of the article the authoress presents the theoretical context of her research - the development of the anthropological reflection on cultural gender. In the second part she discusses the method and preliminary results. Research was conducted among members of two woman-led millenaristic religious movements - Brahma Kumaris and the Legion of Small Knights. The process of conversion/involvement...
Using an anthropological perspective, the authoress analyses the process of adaptation to the immediate space by Polish people hit by the 1997 flood. Places of their residence have been branded with disaster and the feeling of being lost and harmed has been intensified by the awareness of the loss of everything they owned. In order to feel fulfilled in the new situation flood victims had to display...
There are countries in the world where Catholicism has struck deeper roots than in Lithuania. Nevertheless, you will never meet such piety of folk and such expression of spirituality that exist in the Cross Hill. A lot of people respect the Hill of Crosses not only as a religious object, but also as the symbol of the nation's spirit, nationality and freedom. Historical, religious and geopolitical...
The authoress presents the results of her research on press marriage ads. She has identified different research leads; a marriage ad is discussed as a linguistic phenomenon and, first of all, as a cultural phenomenon, in the focus of interest of different areas of humanistic studies. She makes a marriage ad part of the cultural scenario, organizing behaviours that follow the rules of matchmaking,...
The article describes the genesis and modern manifestations of the involvement of an African state in tribal structures. The description of historical and cultural conditions and political phenomena typical of the entire continent is illustrated with examples from Cameroon. The analysis starts with the concept of post-tribal society, in which elements of culture and social structure, typical of the...
The basic aim of the article is to analyse and assess the scholarly achievements of the youngest generation of the anthropologists of culture in Poland. The very notion of 'anthropology of culture' relates to a group of scholars active at the beginning of the 1980s. This group, very critical about the conditions of Polish ethnology at the time, formulated a new research programme that opened itself...
Polish-Georgian contacts have had a long tradition. As early as the 17th and 18th centuries Polish missionaries in Georgia, who also acted as diplomats, wrote reports about Georgia. The most outstanding among them was T.J. Krusinski, a Jesuit, whose work was a source of information about Persia and the Caucasus (including the Georgians) from which Europe has drawn for centuries. Contacts between Poland...
Ordination and celebration of the first mass is an important moment in the life of a young Catholic priest. Particularly in the rural community this religious ceremony is very special, treated as the 'rite of transition'. The article attempts to reveal and interpret the most important moments of the first mass, and refers to the concept of Arnold van Gennep's 'transition' rites. Despite a different...
Anthropology, as a systematic critical reflection on popular ways of understanding mechanisms of life, should, according to James Boon, attempt to make more native what is alien and more alien what is native. To do that, it must be equipped with critical distance and irony, ability of critical self-conscious thinking not only about the 'objects' of its research but also about the tools used to describe...
The culture of Polish peasants before 1918 is characterized by mass illiteracy, and for this reason the peasant community can be called an 'oral' community. The author analyses problems connected with the 'orality' of the village, such as regional linguistic differentiation, problems with the propagation of writing and the influence of national language concepts advanced by the intellectuals about...
The article addresses the life cycle of a contemporary north Sudanese peasant. The author, based on his own experience and interviews, describes the achievements of the local folklore, showing it against the background of the most important events in human life, such as birth and circumcision. The article provides a description and explanation of basic rituals and beliefs of the inhabitants of the...
The article describes Kvens, a little known ethnic group inhabiting northern Norway. In 1999 the group was granted the status of national minority and in 2005 the Norwegian government recognized Kvenian as a separate language. Not all the people of Finnish origin in Norway are Kvens. Generally, the name is used to denote Finnish-speaking emigrants from Finland or northern Sweden (the biggest migration...
The Polish University in Exile has had a long and complex history. It was established on 1 December 1939 in Paris. When Germany invaded France and came to Paris, the university was moved to Great Britain; at that time there were Polish faculties at the universities in Edinburgh, Liverpool, Oxford and London. In 1947 all the fields of Polish academic education were taken over by the Polish University...
The article describes a residential house with a campanile, a very rare design in rural housing, and the history of an extraordinary bell-ringer living in Lubomierz, a village bordering on the Gorce and Beskid Wyspowy. This village is inhabited by highlanders who belong to the Zagórzanie group. In 1954 Franciszek Niedospial (called a highlander after the elements of the traditional highlanders' costume...
The article presents the achievements of the International Committee for the Investigation of Folk Culture in the Carpathians (MKKK), an international and interdisciplinary institution established forty years ago. First contact was made between the scholars of IHKM PAN (Poland) and Národopisny Ústav SAV (Slovakia) in 1958, followed by joint research projects conducted with other countries (Romania,...
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